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Published on: August 27, 2019
Microbiological features of indigenous typhoid cases in Taiwan and relatedness to imported cases, 2001-2014: A
Shao-Chieh Chien1, Tsong-Him Iap1, Yin-Rong Chiu2
1School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Background:
Typhoid fever was rare in Taiwan but approximately two-thirds of the cases were indigenous. The transmission source of the indigenous cases and the relatedness to the imported cases remained unknown.
Methods:
Patients with any site culture positive for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi were identified in a teaching hospital during 2001-2014. The isolates were determined for antibiotic susceptibilities, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) types and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) types.
Results:
A total of 64 typhoid episodes were identified in 63 patients. Seventeen episodes (26.6%) were imported and a majority (10, 58.8%) of them were from Indonesia. The clinical manifestations, outcomes of patients and antibiograms of isolates were similar between indigenous and imported cases. 63.3% of the isolates were ciprofloxacin-resistant. The distributions of PFGE and SNP types did not differ significantly between indigenous and imported isolates, either (P = 0.191 and 0.124, respectively). Identical PFGE pattern could be identified in indigenous isolates appearing at certain time frames, indicating outbreaks due to local transmission of certain Typhi strains.
Conclusions:
The imported cases of typhoid fever from Southeast Asia were the major sources of indigenous S. Typhi infections in Taiwan. Small-scale outbreaks occurred due to local transmission of the strains after their importation.
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