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Host-Pathogen Interactions: What the EHEC Are We Learning from Host Genome-Wide Screens?

Jason P Lynch1,2,3, Cammie F Lesser4,2,3

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

Mbio
|October 11, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Genome-wide screens identified host factors crucial for bacterial pathogenesis. A new study reveals a link between enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) are essential bacterial virulence factors.
  • Genome-wide screens identify host factors in bacterial pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify host cell factors involved in enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) pathogenesis.
  • To investigate the link between EHEC's T3SS and Shiga toxins.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout library screening.
  • Analysis of host proteins mediating bacterial-host interactions.

Main Results:

  • A novel connection between EHEC's T3SS and Shiga toxins was discovered.
  • Multiple host cell determinants were identified, primarily involved in early T3SS-host interactions.
  • Limited overlap was observed between different genome-wide screening approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Host cell factors play a critical role in EHEC pathogenesis.
  • Further research is needed to understand the discrepancies between screening methods and optimize follow-up studies.
Keywords:
CRISPR/Cas9 screenEHECShigellaVibrio parahaemolyticustype III secretion system

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