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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Oral Health
  • Disease Pathogenesis

Background:

  • The oral microbiome is dynamic and polymicrobial, influencing oral health and disease.
  • Dental caries and periodontitis are prevalent globally and linked to microbial imbalances.
  • Specific oral microenvironments host unique microbial communities regulated by host and environmental factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on oral polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis.
  • To discuss emerging mechanisms governing these processes.
  • To highlight how this understanding aids in designing innovative therapeutic approaches for oral diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on oral microbiome, synergy, and dysbiosis.
  • Analysis of pathogenic mechanisms in dental caries and periodontitis.
  • Synthesis of information on host-microbe interactions and environmental influences.

Main Results:

  • Oral polymicrobial communities drive homeostasis or dysbiosis, impacting health.
  • Both periodontitis and caries involve feedforward loops between microbiota and host factors.
  • Understanding these mechanisms enhances knowledge of disease development.

Conclusions:

  • The oral microbiome's collective function is critical for oral health.
  • Dysbiosis, driven by microbial synergy and host factors, underlies oral diseases.
  • Advances in understanding oral dysbiosis facilitate novel therapeutic strategies.