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Time pressure impairs physician diagnostic accuracy by increasing stress and reducing the number of plausible diagnostic hypotheses. This study clarifies how time constraints negatively impact medical diagnosis performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Diagnostic Decision Making

Background:

  • Time pressure is linked to suboptimal diagnostic performance and increased medical errors.
  • The underlying mechanisms of this relationship remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of time pressure on physicians' diagnostic accuracy.
  • To explore the mediating roles of perceived stress and the number of diagnostic hypotheses.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled experiment involving 75 senior internal medicine residents.
  • Participants diagnosed clinical cases under time pressure or no time pressure conditions.
  • Mediation path analysis was used to examine causal relationships.

Main Results:

  • Time-pressured physicians diagnosed cases faster but with lower accuracy.
  • Increased perceived stress and fewer plausible hypotheses were reported under time pressure.
  • Significant mediation effects were found for stress and hypothesis generation.

Conclusions:

  • Time pressure negatively affects diagnostic accuracy through increased stress and reduced hypothesis generation.
  • Understanding these pathways can inform strategies to mitigate diagnostic errors.