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[THE PREVALENCE OF RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS AMONG RESIDENTS OF THE RUSSIAN FAR NORTH].

S V Andronov, A A Lobanov, A I Popov

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    Respiratory symptoms are common in Russia's Far North reindeer herders, affecting 71.8% of the population. These symptoms are linked to cold work, indoor open flames, and smoking, but not to impaired lung function.

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    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Health
    • Occupational Health
    • Pulmonology

    Background:

    • The Yamal region in Russia's Far North presents unique environmental and occupational challenges.
    • Reindeer herders in this region are potentially exposed to various respiratory irritants.
    • Understanding respiratory health in this population is crucial for targeted interventions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the prevalence of respiratory symptoms among reindeer herders in the Yamal region.
    • To identify risk factors associated with respiratory symptoms in this population.
    • To assess respiratory function using spirometry.

    Main Methods:

    • A cross-sectional study involving 500 Nenets reindeer herders.
    • Medical examinations included the GARD questionnaire (WHO, 2004) and spirometry (SpiroUSB device).
    • Data collected on occupational (cold exposure) and home (open flame) environments, and smoking habits.

    Main Results:

    • 71.8% of participants reported respiratory symptoms.
    • Cough with expectoration and dyspnea were prevalent.
    • Smoking, working in the cold, and exposure to open flames were significant risk factors, with combined factors increasing symptom frequency.
    • Spirometry revealed no disorders in external respiratory function.

    Conclusions:

    • Residents of the Far North experience frequent respiratory symptoms without objective lung function impairment.
    • Work in cold environments, indoor open flame use, and smoking are key contributing factors.
    • Compensatory lung function mechanisms may mask underlying bronchial obstruction, complicating diagnosis.