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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
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Electrophysiology of Scorpion Peg Sensilla
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Squalene-PEG: Pyropheophorbide-a nanoconstructs for tumor theranostics.

Souad Adriouach1, Vassily Vorobiev1, Gregor Trefalt2

  • 1Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva 4, Switzerland.

Nanomedicine : Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine
|October 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Novel nanodelivery systems show promise for cancer treatment. A new SQ-PEG:Ppa nanoconstruct effectively delivers a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy and cancer diagnosis.

Keywords:
Fluorescence photodiagnosisNanoconstructsPhotodynamic therapyPyropheophorbide-aSelf-assembly

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Nanoscale drug delivery biomaterials are crucial for advancing cancer diagnosis and treatment.
  • Developing novel materials with self-assembly properties enhances drug efficacy and targeted delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a novel pegylated squalene (SQ-PEG) derivative for nanoscale drug delivery.
  • To evaluate the self-assembly, optical properties, biocompatibility, and phototoxicity of SQ-PEG:Ppa nanoconstructs.
  • To assess the in vitro and in vivo diagnostic and therapeutic potential of the developed nanoconstructs.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized a pegylated squalene (SQ-PEG) derivative.
  • Formed supramolecular nanoconstructs (SQ-PEG:Ppa) via nanoprecipitation with pyropheophorbide-a (Ppa).
  • Characterized nanoconstruct size, drug loading, and optical properties (fluorescence self-quenching).
  • Assessed in vitro biocompatibility and phototoxicity on PC3 prostate tumor cells.
  • Evaluated in vivo diagnostic potential in a chick embryo glioblastoma model.

Main Results:

  • SQ-PEG:Ppa nanoconstructs formed with an average size of 200 nm and 18% drug loading.
  • Achieved 99.99% fluorescence self-quenching due to Ppa tight packing within nanoconstructs.
  • Demonstrated excellent phototoxic effect on PC3 cells at a low light dose (5.0 J/cm²).
  • Showed efficient cell internalization of Ppa via the nanodelivery system.
  • Confirmed diagnostic potential for delivering Ppa to tumors in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • SQ-PEG:Ppa nanoconstructs represent a promising platform for targeted cancer therapy and diagnosis.
  • The nanodelivery system facilitates efficient Ppa internalization and enhances photodynamic therapy efficacy.
  • The material exhibits favorable nanoscale optical properties and biocompatibility for potential clinical applications.