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Wild chimpanzees select tool material based on efficiency and knowledge.

Noemie Lamon1,2, Christof Neumann3, Jennifer Gier3

  • 1Department of Comparative Cognition, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland noemie.lamon@gmail.com.

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
|October 12, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chimpanzees show evidence of understanding tool improvements. Established moss-spongers preferred moss over leaves, indicating a perception of functional advantage crucial for cumulative culture development.

Keywords:
Pan troglodytes schweinfurthiiefficiencyfield experimentspongessubculturetool use

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Area of Science:

  • Primate behavior
  • Animal cognition
  • Evolutionary anthropology

Background:

  • Human cumulative culture is unique, potentially due to cognitive limits in animals.
  • Animal culture often lacks evidence of cumulative evolution.
  • Tool use in wild chimpanzees offers insights into cognitive abilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate if chimpanzees can compare the efficiency of novel tool innovations.
  • Examine the perception of functional improvement in tool use among chimpanzees.
  • Determine prerequisites for cumulative culture in non-human animals.

Main Methods:

  • Studied a natural tool innovation: moss-sponging for mineral extraction in wild chimpanzees.
  • Compared moss-sponging efficiency (absorption, manufacturing, use) with existing leaf-sponging.
  • Experimentally tested chimpanzee preference between moss and leaf sponges for accessing liquid.
  • Surveyed moss availability in different forest habitats.

Main Results:

  • Moss-sponges demonstrated superior liquid absorption and faster manufacturing/use compared to leaf-sponges.
  • Experienced moss-spongers preferred moss, while naive leaf-spongers preferred leaves in experimental trials.
  • Moss availability was ecologically constrained, found predominantly near clay-pits.

Conclusions:

  • Chimpanzees perceive functional improvements in tool quality, preferring more efficient materials.
  • This perception of enhanced tool quality is a critical prerequisite for cumulative culture.
  • Findings suggest chimpanzee cognition may support rudimentary forms of cumulative culture.