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When two objects come in direct contact with each other, it is called a collision. During a collision, two or more objects exert forces on each other in a relatively short amount of time. A collision can be categorized as either an elastic or inelastic collision. If two or more objects approach each other, collide and then bounce off, moving away from each other with the same relative speed at which they approached each other, the total kinetic energy of the system is said to be conserved. This...
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Types of Collisions - II01:19

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When two or more objects collide with each other, they can stick together to form one single composite object (after collision). The total mass of the object after the collision is the sum of the masses of the original objects, and it moves with a velocity dictated by the conservation of momentum. Although the system's total momentum remains constant, the kinetic energy decreases, and thus such a collision is an inelastic collision. Most of the collisions between objects in daily life are...
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The ideal-gas equation, which is empirical, describes the behavior of gases by establishing relationships between their macroscopic properties. For example, Charles’ law states that volume and temperature are directly related. Gases, therefore, expand when heated at constant pressure. Although gas laws explain how the macroscopic properties change relative to one another, it does not explain the rationale behind it.
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Elastic Collisions: Introduction01:00

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An elastic collision is one that conserves both internal kinetic energy and momentum. Internal kinetic energy is the sum of the kinetic energies of the objects in a system. Truly elastic collisions can only be achieved with subatomic particles, such as electrons striking nuclei. Macroscopic collisions can be very nearly, but not quite, elastic, as some kinetic energy is always converted into other forms of energy such as heat transfer due to friction and sound. An example of a nearly...
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Elastic Collisions: Case Study01:15

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Elastic collision of a system demands conservation of both momentum and kinetic energy. To solve problems involving one-dimensional elastic collisions between two objects, the equations for conservation of momentum and conservation of internal kinetic energy can be used. For the two objects, the sum of momentum before the collision equals the total momentum after the collision. An elastic collision conserves internal kinetic energy, and so the sum of kinetic energies before the collision equals...
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Lumber defects, which can affect both the appearance and structural integrity of wood, include a variety of growth and manufacturing flaws. Growth defects such as knots and knotholes occur where branches were once attached to the tree trunk, with knotholes forming when these knots fall out. Other natural defects include decay and insect damage, which compromise the wood's strength and durability.
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Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Reduction of Iatrogenic Atrial Septal Defects with an Anterior and Inferior Transseptal Puncture Site when Operating the Cryoballoon Ablation Catheter
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Traumatic Ventricular Septal Defect Resulting from a Motor Vehicle Collision.

Robert Tonks1, David Perkel1, Aimee Wehber1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Heart Lung Vascular Institute, Knoxville, TN, USA.

Journal of Cardiovascular Echography
|October 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A rare ventricular septal defect caused by non-penetrating trauma from a car accident was successfully repaired. This case highlights emergent surgical intervention for traumatic heart injuries.

Keywords:
Blunt chest traumablunt cardiac injurycardiogenic shockmurmurshuntventricular septal defect

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Trauma Surgery
  • Medical Case Reports

Background:

  • Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are typically congenital heart abnormalities.
  • Acquired VSDs, especially from non-penetrating trauma, are exceedingly rare.
  • Motor vehicle collisions can cause significant blunt force trauma to the chest.

Observation:

  • A 43-year-old male sustained chest trauma during a motor vehicle collision.
  • Clinical presentation and diagnostic imaging revealed a VSD.
  • Echocardiogram confirmed the diagnosis of a traumatic VSD.

Findings:

  • The patient presented with a VSD resulting from non-penetrating chest trauma.
  • Emergent surgical repair of the VSD was performed.
  • The patient experienced a positive survival outcome post-surgery.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the possibility of VSDs arising from blunt chest trauma.
  • Highlights the critical role of echocardiography in diagnosing traumatic cardiac injuries.
  • Emphasizes the effectiveness of prompt surgical intervention in managing life-threatening traumatic VSDs.