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Related Concept Videos

Self-Schemas02:16

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In general, a schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
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According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Electromagnetic Navigation Transthoracic Nodule Localization for Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery
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Computer Navigation in Orthopaedic Tumour Surgery.

Kwok-Chuen Wong1, Xiaohui Niu2, Hairong Xu2

  • 1Orthopaedic Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. skcwong@ort.cuhk.edu.hk.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|October 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Computer-assisted tumour surgery (CATS) enhances 3D surgical planning and image-guided bone resection in orthopaedic oncology. While early results show improved accuracy, further multicentre studies are needed to confirm its clinical benefits and address potential errors.

Keywords:
Computer navigationComputer-assisted tumour surgery (CATS)Image fusionImage-guided bone resectionJoint-preserving surgeryOrthopaedic oncologyPelvic tumourSacral tumourSurgical accuracySurgical planning

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopaedic Oncology
  • Surgical Navigation
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Accurate bone tumour resection with tumour-free margins is crucial for limb function and patient survival.
  • Conventional 2D imaging and mental integration for 3D surgical planning pose challenges in complex cases.
  • Computer-assisted tumour surgery (CATS) has emerged to aid in 3D planning and image-guided bone resection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of computer navigation in orthopaedic tumour surgery over the past decade.
  • To describe the current workflow, clinical indications, and results of CATS.
  • To discuss the limitations and future development of CATS in orthopaedic oncology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of computer navigation techniques in orthopaedic tumour surgery.
  • Analysis of clinical workflow, indications, and outcomes.
  • Discussion of potential errors, limitations, and future research directions.

Main Results:

  • CATS enables 3D surgical planning and image-guided bone resection, potentially improving accuracy.
  • The technique shows promise in complex surgeries involving pelvic/sacral tumours, joint preservation, and defect reconstruction.
  • Early findings suggest CATS can aid in safe tumour resection and replicate preoperative plans.

Conclusions:

  • CATS offers potential benefits for surgical accuracy and patient outcomes in orthopaedic oncology.
  • Surgeons must be aware of potential errors and limitations associated with CATS.
  • Multicentre studies with long-term follow-up are essential to validate the clinical efficacy of CATS.