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Related Concept Videos

Acid-Base Balance01:25

Acid-Base Balance

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The human body maintains a narrow pH range regulated through acid-base balance. This balance is crucial as changes in the hydrogen ion concentration can disrupt cell membrane stability, alter protein structures, and change enzyme activities. The normal pH of arterial blood is 7.4, venous blood and interstitial fluid is 7.35, and intracellular fluid averages 7.0.
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Respiratory Regulation of Acid-Base Balance01:18

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Respiratory compensation is a vital physiological process that stabilizes blood plasma pH by regulating the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), a key determinant of pH levels. Most carbon dioxide in the blood dissolves and converts into carbonic acid (H2CO3). It dissociates into hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3⁻). There is also an inverse relationship between PCO2​​ and pH.
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Disorders of Acid-Base Balance01:29

Disorders of Acid-Base Balance

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The human body maintains a precise pH range of arterial blood between 7.35 and 7.45. Deviations result in either acidosis (pH < 7.35) or alkalosis (pH > 7.45). These conditions are further classified as respiratory or metabolic disorders based on their underlying cause.
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Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance01:29

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Metabolic reactions in the body produce nonvolatile acids, such as sulfuric acid, which generate an acid load of approximately 1 mEq of H+ per kilogram of body weight daily. Excreting H+ in the urine is essential to balance this acid load.
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Balancing Redox Equations02:58

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Electrochemistry is the science involved in the interconversion of electrical and chemical reactions. Such reactions are called reduction-oxidation, or redox reactions. These important reactions are defined by changes in oxidation states for one or more reactant elements and include a subset of reactions involving the transfer of electrons between reactant species. Electrochemistry as a field has evolved to yield sufficient insights on the fundamental principles of redox chemistry and multiple...
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Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

In Vitro Application of a Wireless Sensor in Flexion-Extension Gap Balance of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
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Sensor-Based Soft Tissue Balancing in Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Jimmy Chow1, Tsun Yee Law2, Martin Roche3

  • 1Hedley Orthopaedic Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|October 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intraoperative sensors can improve total knee arthroplasty (TKA) outcomes by enhancing soft tissue balancing. This technology aims to reduce revision rates linked to technical imperfections in TKA procedures.

Keywords:
Intraoperative sensorSensor-assisted surgerySoft tissue balanceSurgical roboticsTotal knee arthroplasty (TKA)

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common procedure with increasing utilization.
  • A significant portion of TKA revisions stem from technical imperfections.
  • Accurate alignment and soft tissue balancing are critical for TKA success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the use of intraoperative sensors for soft tissue balancing in TKA.
  • To identify how technology can mitigate risks associated with technical imperfections in TKA.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on intraoperative sensor technology in TKA.
  • Analysis of current practices in soft tissue balancing during TKA.
  • Exploration of sensor-based approaches to objective soft tissue assessment.

Main Results:

  • Traditional soft tissue balancing relies on subjective surgeon experience.
  • Intraoperative sensors offer objective data for soft tissue assessment.
  • Potential for improved accuracy and consistency in TKA soft tissue balancing.

Conclusions:

  • Intraoperative sensors represent a promising advancement for TKA.
  • Objective data from sensors can enhance surgical precision and patient outcomes.
  • Further research and adoption of sensor technology can reduce TKA revision rates.