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Updated: Feb 4, 2026

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Growth-regulating factor 15 is required for leaf size control in Populus.

Houjun Zhou1,2, Xueqin Song1,2,3, Kaili Wei1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.

Tree Physiology
|October 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Growth-regulating factor 15 (GRF15) controls leaf size in Populus by modulating cell expansion. Overexpression increases leaf size, while repression decreases it, highlighting GRF15

Keywords:
PopulusGRF15cell expansioncell proliferationgrowth-regulating factorleaf size

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) are crucial for plant development, especially leaf formation.
  • The specific roles of GRFs in woody plants, like Populus, are not well understood.
  • GRF15 shows high expression in large-leaved Populus species, suggesting a role in leaf size determination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To functionally characterize GRF15 in Populus and elucidate its role in leaf development.
  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying GRF15's function in leaf size control.

Main Methods:

  • Promoter-β-glucuronidase (GUS) assays to determine GRF15 expression patterns.
  • Transgenic Populus lines (overexpression and repression) were generated for functional analysis.
  • Nuclear localization and miR396 regulation of GRF15 were examined.
  • Transactivation assays were used to assess GRF15's effect on target genes like EXPA11a.

Main Results:

  • GRF15 is expressed in the leaf expansion zone and localized to the nucleus, regulated by miR396.
  • Overexpression of GRF15 led to increased leaf and palisade cell size.
  • Repression of GRF15 resulted in decreased leaf and palisade cell size.
  • GRF15 directly activates the expression of EXPA11a, a key cell expansion gene.

Conclusions:

  • GRF15 is essential for regulating leaf size in Populus.
  • GRF15 primarily influences leaf development by modulating cell expansion.
  • GRF15 acts through regulating the expression of cell expansion-related genes, such as EXPA11a.