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Related Concept Videos

Eccentric Loading01:16

Eccentric Loading

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Eccentric loading is a crucial concept in the study of structural engineering and mechanics, particularly when analyzing the stability and stress distribution in columns. Unlike centric loading, where the force is applied along the centroidal axis, causing uniform compression, eccentric loading occurs when a force is applied off-center. This off-center application introduces not only direct compressive stress but also bending stress, significantly influencing the column's behavior under...
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Eccentricity of an Ellipse01:27

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An ellipse is a fundamental conic section defined by the constant sum of distances from any point on its curve to two fixed points, known as the foci. This geometric property can be physically demonstrated using a pencil, string, and two pins. By anchoring the string at both ends and maintaining it taut with a pencil, one can trace the outline of an ellipse.The shape and extent of the ellipse are determined by its eccentricity, e, defined as the ratio of the distance between the center and a...
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General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading01:12

General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading

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Unsymmetrical bending occurs when the bending moment applied to a structural member does not align with its principal axis. This misalignment leads to complex stress distributions and deflection patterns that differ from symmetrical bending, which are essential for designing structures to withstand different loading conditions.
Consider a member subjected to equal and opposite forces that are applied along a line that does not coincide with the member's neutral axis. In unsymmetrical...
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Design of Columns under an Eccentric Load01:21

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Designing columns to withstand eccentric loads is a critical aspect of structural engineering, ensuring structures can support off-center loads without failure. This design process must account for the additional normal stresses introduced by eccentric loading, which can significantly influence a column's stress distribution and overall stability. An eccentric load applied to a column induces normal stresses that can be conceptualized as a combination of stresses due to an equivalent...
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Eccentric Axial Loading in a Plane of Symmetry01:16

Eccentric Axial Loading in a Plane of Symmetry

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Eccentric axial loading occurs when an axial load is applied away from the centroidal axis of a structural member. This scenario is common in engineering, where structural elements may not be directly aligned due to various design or functional requirements.
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Concentration Cells02:41

Concentration Cells

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A concentration cell is a type of a  voltaic cell constructed by connecting two almost identical half-cells, both based on the same half-reaction and using the same electrode, differing only in the concentration of one redox species. A concentration cell's potential, therefore, is determined only by the concentration difference of the particular redox species.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Cf-PWV to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness
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Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Cf-PWV to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness

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Changes in arterial stiffness after eccentric versus concentric cycling.

Takanobu Okamoto1, Ryota Kobayashi2, Yuto Hashimoto1

  • 1a Department of Exercise Physiology, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo 158-8508, Japan.

Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism = Physiologie Appliquee, Nutrition Et Metabolisme
|October 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Eccentric cycling did not significantly alter arterial stiffness, contrary to hypotheses. Concentric cycling, however, temporarily reduced brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), indicating no impact from minor muscle damage on arterial health.

Keywords:
aerobic exercisedouleur musculaireeffet de répétition de la séanceexercice aérobielésion musculairemodalité de contraction musculairemuscle contraction modemuscle damagemuscle sorenesspulse wave velocityrepeated bout effectvitesse de l’onde de pouls

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Last Updated: Feb 4, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Arterial stiffness, measured by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), is a key indicator of cardiovascular health.
  • Eccentric (ECC) and concentric (CON) muscle contractions elicit different physiological responses, including potential muscle damage and subsequent effects on vascular function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of ECC and CON cycling on arterial stiffness in young men.
  • To determine if muscle damage induced by ECC cycling affects baPWV.
  • To compare changes in baPWV following different modes of cycling exercise.

Main Methods:

  • Fifteen young men underwent four cycling bouts: two ECC and two CON, separated by two weeks.
  • Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque, and muscle soreness were measured before and at various time points after each bout.
  • Data were analyzed using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA to compare changes among the four cycling conditions.

Main Results:

  • Concentric cycling (CON1) led to a significant decrease in baPWV (8%) at 0.5 hours post-exercise.
  • Eccentric cycling (ECC1 and ECC2) did not result in significant changes in baPWV.
  • Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque decreased by 10% at 24 hours post-ECC1, indicating minor muscle damage, but did not affect baPWV.

Conclusions:

  • Minor muscle damage induced by eccentric cycling does not appear to affect arterial stiffness.
  • Concentric cycling may transiently decrease arterial stiffness.
  • The study did not support the hypothesis that eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage increases arterial stiffness.