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Related Concept Videos

System of Memory01:23

System of Memory

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Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
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Working Memory01:24

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

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Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
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Traumatic Memory01:20

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Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
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Repressed Memory01:16

Repressed Memory

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Repressed memories are a psychological phenomenon where memories of traumatic events are unconsciously blocked from a person's awareness. This process occurs as a defense mechanism, protecting the mind from the emotional impact of distressing or painful experiences. For example, a person who has experienced childhood trauma may grow up with no conscious recollection of the event. In such cases, the memories are thought to be buried deep within the subconscious, inaccessible to the conscious...
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Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
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Aberrant memory system connectivity and working memory performance in subjective cognitive decline.

Raymond P Viviano1, Jessica M Hayes2, Patrick J Pruitt3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Ave. 7th Floor Suite 7908, Detroit, MI, 48201, United States; Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, 87 E. Ferry St., Detroit, MI, 48202, United States.

Neuroimage
|October 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Subjective cognitive decline may signal early dementia. Individuals reporting memory concerns showed altered brain connectivity and poorer visual working memory, even without objective deficits.

Keywords:
Functional connectivityMemory systemsNeurite densitySubjective cognitive declineVisual working memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a perceived decline in cognitive function without objective impairment.
  • SCD is a potential early indicator of incipient dementia.
  • Neural underpinnings of SCD, particularly using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), require further clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in functional connectivity and cognitive performance in older adults with and without SCD.
  • To explore microstructural integrity of specific white matter tracts in relation to SCD.

Main Methods:

  • Compared functional connectivity across memory regions in healthy older adults with and without SCD using MRI.
  • Assessed cognitive performance, specifically visual working memory.
  • Evaluated white matter integrity (neurite density, fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity) in cingulum and uncinate fasciculus.

Main Results:

  • Participants with SCD exhibited reduced functional connectivity in posterior memory networks and specifically between the retrosplenial cortex and precuneus.
  • Individuals with SCD performed worse on visual working memory tasks compared to controls.
  • No significant differences in diffusion measures of cingulum and uncinate fiber bundles were observed between groups.

Conclusions:

  • SCD is associated with altered functional connectivity in memory-related brain networks.
  • Visual working memory deficits may be present in individuals with SCD.
  • These findings suggest that SCD, characterized by altered functional connectivity, could represent an early stage of dementia.