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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum02:37

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The electromagnetic spectrum consists of all the types of electromagnetic radiation arranged according to their frequency and wavelength. Each of the various colors of visible light has specific frequencies and wavelengths associated with them, and you can see that visible light makes up only a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Because the technologies developed to work in various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are different, for reasons of convenience and historical...
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum01:24

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

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Electromagnetic waves are categorized according to their wavelengths and frequencies, giving the electromagnetic spectrum. These waves are classified as radio, infrared, ultraviolet, etc. Radio waves refer to electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from millimeters to kilometers. Radio waves are commonly used for audio communications (i.e., radios) and typically result from an alternating current in the wires of a broadcast antenna. They cover a broad wavelength range and are used...
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IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

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When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
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Mass Spectrum01:23

Mass Spectrum

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A mass spectrum is the graphical representation of the relative abundance of the charged fragments in an analyte plotted against their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The plot's x-axis represents the ratio of the mass of the charged fragment to the number of charges it carries. The y axis of the plot represents the relative abundance of each charged species. The relative abundance is calculated from the signal intensity of each charged species recorded at the detector. The most intense signal (the...
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UV–Vis Spectrum01:30

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When light passes through a substance, a portion of the light is absorbed while the remaining light is reflected or transmitted. If the molecule absorbs light between the wavelengths of 180–400 nm range, the UV spectrum is obtained, and if it absorbs light in the 400–780 nm wavelength range, the visible spectrum is obtained.     
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Autistic spectrum disorders.

Brian P Hallahan1, Kieran C Murphy1

  • 1Beaumont Hospital and Royal College of Surgeons,Dublin 2,Ireland.

Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers autistic spectrum disorders (ASD), detailing diagnosis, epidemiology, causes including genetics and neurobiology, and treatments. It provides essential information for professionals preparing for psychiatric examinations.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex neurodevelopmental conditions.
  • Characterized by social-emotional deficits and repetitive behaviors.
  • Recent advancements have improved understanding of ASD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an educational review of key aspects of ASD.
  • Focus on areas relevant for MRCPsych trainees.
  • Cover diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology, and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of relevant papers.
  • Discussion of current understanding in ASD.
  • Synthesis of information for trainees.

Main Results:

  • Comprehensive overview of ASD diagnosis and epidemiology.
  • Exploration of genetic, cognitive, and neurobiological theories of etiology.
  • Summary of current treatment strategies for ASD.

Conclusions:

  • Highlights the multifaceted nature of ASD.
  • Emphasizes the importance of understanding ASD for psychiatric practice.
  • Offers guidance for further learning and professional development.