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Predicting soil microplastic concentration using vis-NIR spectroscopy.

Fabio Corradini1, Harm Bartholomeus2, Esperanza Huerta Lwanga3

  • 1Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA La Platina, Casilla 439, Correo 3, Santiago, Chile; Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands.

The Science of the Total Environment
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PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a rapid, portable spectroradiometer method to quantify microplastics in soil without extraction. The technique accurately detects low-density polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyvinyl chloride in soil samples, aiding soil pollution research.

Keywords:
MicroplasticsNear-infrared spectroscopySoil pollutionSpectroradiometerVis-NIR

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Soil Science

Background:

  • Microplastic contamination poses risks to soil ecosystems.
  • Current methods for microplastic analysis in soil are laborious and lack standardization.
  • Field data collection for soil microplastics is infrequent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a rapid, non-destructive method for quantifying microplastics in soil.
  • To assess the efficacy of portable visible and near-infrared (vis-NIR) spectroscopy for microplastic detection.
  • To establish a new analytical approach that bypasses traditional extraction steps.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a portable spectroradiometer (350–2500 nm) to measure soil reflectance.
  • Prepared artificial soil samples spiked with known concentrations of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
  • Employed Bayesian regression to correlate spectral data with microplastic concentrations (1–100 µg/kg).

Main Results:

  • Achieved root-mean-squared deviations (RMSD) of 8, 18, and 10 µg/kg for LDPE, PET, and PVC, respectively.
  • The mixed polymer samples showed RMSD values of 8, 10, and 5 µg/kg for LDPE, PET, and PVC.
  • Demonstrated high repeatability, with values ranging from 0.1–9.0 µg/kg across polymer types.

Conclusions:

  • Visible and near-infrared (vis-NIR) spectroscopy is a viable technique for identifying and quantifying LDPE, PET, and PVC microplastics in soil.
  • The method offers approximately 10 µg/kg accuracy and a detection limit around 15 µg/kg.
  • This rapid, extraction-free approach is particularly useful for analyzing microplastic hotspots in soil.