Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nerve Supply of the GI Tract01:27

Nerve Supply of the GI Tract

3.6K
The neuronal supply to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is essential for regulating various functions, including digestion, absorption, and movement of food. This intricate network of nerves is known as the enteric nervous system (ENS), often referred to as the "second brain" of the body.
The enteric nervous system consists of two major plexuses: the myenteric plexus (Auerbach's plexus) and the submucosal plexus (Meissner's plexus). These plexuses are located within the layers of...
3.6K
Histology of the Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract01:20

Histology of the Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract

3.5K
The GI tract, from beginning to end, is made up of four continuous tissue layers that adjust their structure according to their specific roles. These layers, from innermost to outermost, are known as the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa, which are continuous with the mesentery.
The mucosa is sometimes called a mucous membrane due to its mucus-secreting features. This membrane is composed of epithelium, which directly interacts with ingested substances, and the lamina propria, a layer...
3.5K
Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

692
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
692
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

734
The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
734
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Other Laxatives01:20

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Other Laxatives

1.1K
Laxatives are primarily used to alleviate constipation, a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by infrequent bowel movements and difficulty passing stools. They work by various mechanisms to increase the volume or frequency of bowel movements. The primary modes of action of laxatives include increasing stool bulk, softening the stool, stimulating intestinal motility, and osmotically drawing water into the intestines.
Osmotic or saline laxatives, like magnesium hydroxide or milk of...
1.1K
Anatomy of Respiratory System II: Lower Respiratory Tract01:31

Anatomy of Respiratory System II: Lower Respiratory Tract

3.6K
The lower respiratory tract is anatomically composed of several vital structures, including the larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, alveoli, lungs, and pleurae. Each component has a specific function, and all are intricately connected to ensure efficient respiration.
The Larynx
It is located between the pharynx and the trachea, acts as a passageway for air, and hosts several critical structures, such as the epiglottis, vocal cords, and glottis. The epiglottis acts as a gateway, guiding food to the...
3.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Understanding Patient Perspectives on Radiation Tattoos.

Advances in radiation oncology·2026
Same author

Outcomes of radiotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective analysis.

Radiation oncology (London, England)·2026
Same author

Definitive Radiotherapy With or Without Chemotherapy After Planned Neoadjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy in Stages II to III NSCLC: An International Multicenter Retrospective Study.

JTO clinical and research reports·2026
Same author

Integration of Immune Checkpoint Blockade With Radiation in Lung Cancer: Lessons From Recent Trials.

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics·2026
Same author

Uncovering the genetic landscape of cholangiocarcinoma and its subtypes via GWAS and integrative analyses.

Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)·2026
Same author

Timing Is of the Essence: Sequencing Immune Checkpoint Blockade and Radiotherapy for Success in Lung Cancer.

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·2026
Same journal

Integrative Medicine for Breast Cancer Survivors.

Seminars in radiation oncology·2026
Same journal

Integrative Oncology Approaches for Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Risk Reduction in Patients With Digestive Tract Cancers.

Seminars in radiation oncology·2026
Same journal

Integrative Oncology and Radiation Therapy: An Essential Evolution.

Seminars in radiation oncology·2026
Same journal

Clinical Trials of Integrative Oncology Interventions for Radiation Therapy: Emerging Evidence and Opportunities.

Seminars in radiation oncology·2026
Same journal

Nonpharmacologic Approaches for Pain Management in Patients With Cancer Treated With Radiation Therapy.

Seminars in radiation oncology·2026
Same journal

Integrative Therapies for Radiation-Related Toxicities in Hematological Malignancies.

Seminars in radiation oncology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Using a Whole-mount Immunohistochemical Method to Study the Innervation of the Biliary Tract in Suncus murinus
07:23

Using a Whole-mount Immunohistochemical Method to Study the Innervation of the Biliary Tract in Suncus murinus

Published on: June 15, 2017

7.2K

Radiotherapy for Biliary Tract Cancers.

Florence K Keane1, Andrew X Zhu2, Theodore S Hong1

  • 1Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology, Boston, MA.

Seminars in Radiation Oncology
|October 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Modern radiotherapy techniques are expanding the use of liver-directed radiotherapy for biliary tract cancers (BTCs). This approach offers improved outcomes for resected, unresectable, and hilar cholangiocarcinoma patients.

More Related Videos

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction
07:44

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction

Published on: March 25, 2022

6.8K
Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration in Patients with a Previous History of Biliary Tract Surgery
07:36

Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration in Patients with a Previous History of Biliary Tract Surgery

Published on: February 10, 2023

2.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Using a Whole-mount Immunohistochemical Method to Study the Innervation of the Biliary Tract in Suncus murinus
07:23

Using a Whole-mount Immunohistochemical Method to Study the Innervation of the Biliary Tract in Suncus murinus

Published on: June 15, 2017

7.2K
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction
07:44

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction

Published on: March 25, 2022

6.8K
Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration in Patients with a Previous History of Biliary Tract Surgery
07:36

Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration in Patients with a Previous History of Biliary Tract Surgery

Published on: February 10, 2023

2.4K

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiation Oncology

Background:

  • Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are a diverse group of tumors often diagnosed at advanced stages, with frequent recurrence post-surgery.
  • Historically, liver radiotherapy was limited by hepatotoxicity concerns, restricting its use mainly to palliative care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolving role and evidence supporting liver-directed radiotherapy in the management of biliary tract cancers.
  • To discuss current clinical investigations exploring advanced radiotherapy techniques for BTCs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and clinical evidence regarding liver-directed radiotherapy for various BTC subtypes.
  • Discussion of established and emerging radiotherapy techniques and their application in adjuvant, neoadjuvant, and definitive settings.

Main Results:

  • Modern radiotherapy techniques allow for safe and effective treatment of hepatic tumors, broadening the application of liver-directed radiotherapy in BTC management.
  • Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy is indicated for resected BTCs with positive margins or lymph node involvement.
  • Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is recommended for hilar cholangiocarcinomas before liver transplantation.
  • Definitive radiotherapy combined with systemic therapy shows promise for unresectable BTCs, potentially improving local control and survival.

Conclusions:

  • Liver-directed radiotherapy is increasingly recognized as a vital component in the multimodal treatment of biliary tract cancers.
  • Ongoing research and technological advancements are further refining the use of radiotherapy for improved patient outcomes in BTCs.