Glycemic disorders and their impact on lung function. Cross-sectional study.

Area of Science:

• Pulmonary Medicine
• Endocrinology
• Clinical Research

Background:

• Diabetes mellitus can adversely affect lung structure and function.
• Hyperglycemia's clinical impact on lung function is an area of ongoing research.
• Understanding the relationship between glycemic control and lung health is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the association between glycemic status (euglycemia, prediabetes, diabetes) and lung volume.
• To determine if different glycemic states correlate with decreased spirometry measurements.
• To assess the impact of hyperglycemia on pulmonary function.

Main Methods:

• An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with 55 participants.
• Participants were categorized into euglycemic, prediabetic, and diabetic groups based on ADA criteria.
• Forced spirometry was performed to measure expiratory volume at the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC ratio, and peak expiratory flow (PEF).

Main Results:

• Diabetic subjects exhibited a significant decrease in %PEF compared to euglycemic and prediabetic groups.
• Fasting serum glucose levels correlated with decreases in %FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and %PEF.
• HbA1c concentration was associated with a decrease in %PEF.

Conclusions:

• Individuals with diabetes demonstrate lower %PEF compared to those with euglycemia or prediabetes.
• %FEV1, %FVC, and FEV1/FVC ratio did not significantly differ across glycemic states.
• Acute glycemic dysregulation showed a stronger correlation with reduced spirometric parameters than chronic dysregulation.