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Related Concept Videos

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation I: Adult01:21

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation I: Adult

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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or CPR, is a life-saving emergency procedure performed when a person's heart has stopped beating or they are no longer breathing. The foundation of CPR is Basic Life Support (BLS), which focuses on the early recognition of cardiac arrest, the immediate start of high-quality chest compressions, and the timely use of an automated external defibrillator (AED).Assessing Responsiveness and Checking the Carotid PulseWhen approaching an unresponsive person, first ensure...
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation III: AED Use01:23

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Introduction to AEDAn Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a portable medical device that analyzes the heart's rhythm and, if necessary, delivers an electrical shock to help the heart re-establish an effective rhythm during sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). SCA occurs when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating, leading to a loss of blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. In such emergencies, time is of the essence, and using an AED, combined with Cardiopulmonary...
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation IV: Pharmacological Management01:25

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Pharmacologic intervention is crucial in treating cardiac arrest patients during ACLS or Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support. The ACLS algorithms guide the administration of specific drugs based on the patient's cardiac arrest rhythm, which includes pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), asystole, and pulseless electrical activity (PEA).EpinephrineIndication: Epinephrine is the first-line drug for all cardiac arrest rhythms.Mechanism of Action: Epinephrine...
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management01:22

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Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned...
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques01:30

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Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway...
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Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Cardiopulmonary Bypass in a Mouse Model: A Novel Approach
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[Cardiopulmonary Bypass System and Perfusion].

Naoki Momose1

  • 1Department of Medical Engineering, Saitama Medical Center Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan.

Kyobu Geka. the Japanese Journal of Thoracic Surgery
|October 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The heart-lung machine maintains circulation and gas exchange during surgery. It features open or closed circuits, roller or centrifugal pumps, and membrane oxygenators for critical functions and safety.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Medical Engineering

Background:

  • The heart-lung machine (HLM) is essential for cardiopulmonary bypass.
  • It performs vital functions beyond circulation and gas exchange.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the functions and components of the heart-lung machine.
  • To highlight key aspects of its operational circuits and safety management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of heart-lung machine components and circuit types (open vs. closed).
  • Description of pump mechanisms (roller, centrifugal) and oxygenator technology (membrane).
  • Identification of critical functional elements like venting, suction, and myocardial protection.

Main Results:

  • HLMs ensure a bloodless surgical field, manage blood properties, and protect the myocardium.

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  • Two primary circuit types exist: open and closed, utilizing roller or centrifugal pumps.
  • Membrane oxygenators are standard for gas exchange, supported by essential venting and suction systems.

    • Conclusions:

    • Effective management of the heart-lung machine requires understanding its diverse functions and components.
    • Safety devices and troubleshooting protocols are crucial for reliable operation during cardiac procedures.