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Stressful conditions reveal decrease in size, modification of shape but relatively stable asymmetry in bumblebee

Maxence Gerard1, Denis Michez2, Vincent Debat3

  • 1Laboratoire de Zoologie, Research institute of Biosciences, University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, 7000, Mons, Belgium. maxence.gerard@umons.ac.be.

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Environmental stressors significantly impact bumblebee wing size and shape, with parasites and high temperatures causing the most pronounced effects. Overall size and shape are sensitive indicators of stress, challenging the notion that fluctuating asymmetry is the primary marker.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
  • Environmental Science
  • Entomology

Background:

  • Human activities induce environmental and genetic stressors affecting animal populations.
  • Phenotypic markers are used to indicate stress, but results vary based on the trait measured.
  • Bumblebee species face global decline, necessitating understanding of stressor impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of natural toxin, parasite, thermic, and inbreeding stressors on bumblebee wing morphology.
  • To investigate the effects of these stressors on wing size, shape, variability, and asymmetry.
  • To identify sensitive phenotypic markers of stress in bumblebees.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 650 Bombus terrestris individuals subjected to sinigrin, parasite, thermic, and inbreeding stress.
  • Measurement of wing size, shape, variance, directional asymmetry, and fluctuating asymmetry.
  • Statistical assessment of stressor impacts on morphological traits.

Main Results:

  • All tested stressors affected overall wing size and shape.
  • Parasites and high temperatures caused the most significant phenotypic modifications.
  • Wing size and shape were more sensitive indicators of stress than asymmetry.

Conclusions:

  • Wing size and shape are reliable indicators of environmental and genetic stressors in bumblebees.
  • Parasites and high temperatures are key drivers of phenotypic changes in Bombus terrestris.
  • The study highlights the importance of considering overall size and shape, not just asymmetry, in stress assessment.