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Related Concept Videos

Body Temperature01:25

Body Temperature

4.4K
The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...
4.4K
Body Temperature01:07

Body Temperature

1.5K
Body temperature reflects the equilibrium between heat production and heat loss within the body. Most heat is generated by metabolically active tissues, particularly the liver, heart, brain, kidneys, and endocrine organs. At rest, skeletal muscles contribute 20–30% of total heat production, but during vigorous exercise, this can increase up to 30–40 times.
The average body temperature is approximately 37°C (98.6°F) and typically ranges from 36.1–37.2°C...
1.5K
Effects of Temperature on Free Energy02:11

Effects of Temperature on Free Energy

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The spontaneity of a process depends upon the temperature of the system. Phase transitions, for example, will proceed spontaneously in one direction or the other depending upon the temperature of the substance in question. Likewise, some chemical reactions can also exhibit temperature-dependent spontaneities. To illustrate this concept, the equation relating free energy change to the enthalpy and entropy changes for the process is considered:
28.3K
Factors Affecting Body Temperature01:28

Factors Affecting Body Temperature

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As a nurse, it is vital to understand the factors affecting body temperature to monitor variations and effectively evaluate deviations from regular.
Factors may  include:
9.0K
Increased Body Temperature01:25

Increased Body Temperature

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A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in...
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Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

1.1K
A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Plasma Lithography Surface Patterning for Creation of Cell Networks
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Plasma Lithography Surface Patterning for Creation of Cell Networks

Published on: June 14, 2011

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Low temperature flow lithography.

H Lee1, Y H Roh1, H U Kim1

  • 1Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.

Biomicrofluidics
|October 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Low temperature flow lithography enhances microparticle polymerization by reducing oxygen diffusion. This improved polymerization leads to better microparticle structure, material incorporation, and functional performance in various applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Microfluidics and Materials Science

Background:

  • Flow lithography (FL) is a microfluidic technique for creating hydrogel microparticles with diverse designs.
  • Standard FL operates at room temperature, potentially limiting the degree of microparticle polymerization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate a novel low temperature flow lithography (LTFL) technique.
  • To investigate the impact of reduced synthesis temperature on microparticle polymerization and properties.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of flow lithography at reduced temperatures.
  • Analysis of physical and chemical structures to assess the degree of polymerization.
  • Evaluation of microparticle morphology, material incorporation, and functional performance.

Main Results:

  • LTFL significantly increases the degree of polymerization in microparticles compared to standard FL.
  • Lower temperatures reduce oxygen diffusivity, promoting enhanced polymerization.
  • Increased polymerization results in more defined microparticle morphology, better material loading, and improved functional outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Low temperature flow lithography is an effective method for improving microparticle polymerization.
  • This technique enhances microparticle quality and performance without compromising FL's design flexibility.
  • LTFL offers a simple approach to advance diverse FL applications, including thin microparticle synthesis and microRNA detection.