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Related Concept Videos

Coordinates and Map Projections01:29

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Coordinates and map projections are essential tools in accurately representing the Earth's surface for various applications, ranging from navigation to spatial analysis. The latitude and longitude coordinate system is a universally recognized framework for defining locations. Latitude specifies the distance of a point north or south of the equator, measured in degrees from 0° at the equator to 90° at the poles. Longitude indicates a location's position east or west of the prime meridian,...
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Learning to draw Fischer projections of molecules and understanding their relevance plays a crucial role in the visual depiction of organic molecules. A Fischer projection is a two-dimensional projection on a planar surface to simplify the three-dimensional wedge–dash representation of molecules. This is especially helpful in the case of molecules with multiple chiral centers that can be difficult to draw. Here, all the bonds of interest are represented as horizontal or vertical lines. While...
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Different notations are used to represent the three-dimensional structure of molecules on two-dimensional surfaces. One of the most commonly used representations is the dash-wedge formula. The dashed wedges, solid wedges, and the plane lines indicate the groups situated behind the plane, coming out of the plane, and in the plane, respectively.
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Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
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Microtubule function and architecture are regulated by an array of specialized proteins called microtubule-associated proteins or MAPs. These proteins are widespread across different organisms and have conserved protein motifs, like the multi-TOG domain for tubulin binding found in the CLASP family of MAPs. Some MAPs are lineage-specific based on their conserved domains. Their functions depend upon the cytoskeletal architecture and cell type they are located within. In-plant cells, a specific...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Treatment with Locking Intramedullary Nailing for Intertrochanteric Fracture of the Femur Utilizing a New Awl with a Distal Positioner
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Intertrochanteric fracture visualization and analysis using a map projection technique.

Yucheng Fu1, Rong Liu1,2, Yang Liu3

  • 1Nuclear Engineering Program, Mechanical Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.

Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing
|October 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel map projection technique to visualize complex 3D intertrochanteric fractures in 2D. This method enhances fracture probability mapping, revealing significant influences of age and gender on fracture patterns.

Keywords:
2D map projection3D computed tomographyFracture line visualizationHeat mapIntertrochanteric fracture

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Medical Imaging
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Intertrochanteric fractures pose significant morbidity and mortality risks.
  • Visualizing complex 3D fracture lines in proximal femur is challenging for clinical analysis.
  • Current methods lack efficient high-dimensional data representation for fracture statistics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a map projection technique for visualizing high-dimensional intertrochanteric fracture data.
  • To create a 2D parametric space representation preserving 3D proximal femur structure.
  • To enable accurate identification of probable fracture regions and analyze influencing factors.

Main Methods:

  • A novel map projection technique was developed to map 3D fracture information into a 2D parametric space.
  • A standardization technique was applied to data from 100 patients (CT scan radiographs).
  • The proposed method was compared against conventional heat map techniques for visualization efficiency.

Main Results:

  • The proposed 2D map projection effectively visualizes entire fracture lines in a single view.
  • This representation is more efficient and information-rich than conventional heat maps.
  • Fracture probability mapping accurately identified the most probable fracture regions.

Conclusions:

  • The developed map projection technique offers superior visualization for intertrochanteric fractures.
  • Age and gender significantly influence intertrochanteric fracture frequency and line distribution.
  • This method aids in clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and understanding fracture etiology.