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Related Concept Videos

Electron Carriers01:24

Electron Carriers

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Electron carriers can be thought of as electron shuttles. These compounds can easily accept electrons (i.e., be reduced) or lose them (i.e., be oxidized). They play an essential role in energy production because cellular respiration is contingent on the flow of electrons.
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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Peptide Bonds

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A peptide bond covalently attaches amino acids through a dehydration reaction. One amino acid's carboxyl group and another amino acid's amino group combine, releasing a water molecule. The resulting bond is the peptide bond. The products that such linkages form are peptides. As more amino acids join this growing chain, the resulting chain is a polypeptide. Each polypeptide has a free amino group at one end. This end has the N-terminal, or the amino-terminal, and the other end has a free...
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Carrier Transport01:21

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The generation of electrical current in semiconductors is fundamentally driven by two mechanisms: drift and diffusion. These processes are essential for the functionality and performance of semiconductor-based devices.
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In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular symmetry and stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is used as a case study to evaluate the possible number of stereoisomers. Here, given the multiple (n = 2) chiral centers, there are 2n = 4 possible configurations that lack a plane of symmetry, as the ring skeleton exists in a non-planar chair conformation. In addition,...
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ADP/ATP carrier or AAC protein is the most abundant carrier protein in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It transports large quantities of ADP and ATP, equivalent to the average human body weight, every day. Among other transporters, ACC protein is one of the best-studied members of the mitochondrial carrier protein family. The ADP/ATP carrier protein comprises two transmembrane helices connected to a loop and a single alpha-helix on the matrix side. It switches between two conformational...
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Encapsulation of Cancer Therapeutic Agent Dacarbazine Using Nanostructured Lipid Carrier
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Cyclic peptide-based nanostructures as efficient siRNA carriers.

Bijayananda Panigrahi1, Rohit Kumar Singh1, Sourav Mishra1

  • 1a School of Biotechnology , Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology , Bhubaneswar , Odisha , India.

Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology
|October 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel cyclic peptide nanostructures for efficient delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA). These peptide nanostructures overcome endosomal entrapment, enabling effective gene silencing in mammalian cells.

Keywords:
Cyclic peptidegene silencingnanostructuressiRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool for biological research, but effective delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) remains a significant hurdle.
  • Existing delivery methods, such as cell-penetrating peptides, often suffer from endosomal entrapment, limiting their therapeutic potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize novel cyclic peptide-based nanostructures for efficient siRNA delivery into mammalian cells.
  • To evaluate the ability of these nanostructures to protect siRNA from degradation and facilitate its cellular uptake.
  • To assess the gene silencing efficacy mediated by these peptide nanostructures.

Main Methods:

  • Self-assembly of rationally designed cyclic peptides into stable nanostructures.
  • Complexation of siRNA with peptide nanostructures.
  • Confocal microscopy to visualize intracellular delivery of fluorescently labeled siRNA.
  • Flow cytometry to quantify cellular uptake of siRNA.
  • Western blot analysis to determine target gene knockdown at the protein level.

Main Results:

  • The cyclic peptide nanostructures effectively complex with siRNA, enhancing its stability.
  • Confocal microscopy confirmed the intracellular delivery of siRNA facilitated by the peptide nanostructures.
  • Flow cytometry demonstrated significantly increased cellular uptake of siRNA in the presence of peptide nanostructures compared to siRNA alone.
  • Peptide nanostructure-mediated siRNA delivery achieved significant target gene knockdown at the protein level, comparable to commercial transfection agents.

Conclusions:

  • Rationally designed cyclic peptide nanostructures represent a promising platform for the efficient delivery of siRNA.
  • These nanostructures overcome common delivery barriers like endosomal entrapment, enabling effective gene silencing.
  • The developed peptide nanostructures offer a viable alternative to existing transfection agents for RNA interference applications.