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Chemical Formulas02:52

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A chemical formula presents information about the proportions of atoms constituting a particular chemical compound or molecule, mainly using symbols of elements and numbers. At times other symbols, such as dashes, parentheses, brackets, commas, plus, and minus signs, are also used. A chemical formula can be one of three types – molecular, empirical, and structural.
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Molecular compounds or covalent compounds result when atoms share electrons to form covalent bonds. Since there is no electron transfer, molecular compounds do not contain ions; instead, they consist of discrete, neutral molecules. 
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The elemental makeup of a compound defines its chemical identity, and chemical formulas are the most concise way of representing this elemental makeup. When a compound’s formula is unknown, measuring the mass of its constituent elements is often the first step in determining the formula experimentally.
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Elemental formula associated hypophosphataemic rickets.

S Uday1, S Sakka2, J H Davies3

  • 1Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.

Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)
|October 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypophosphataemic rickets (HR) in infants can be caused by Neocate, an amino-acid based formula (AAF). Discontinuing the formula or supplementing phosphate resolves the condition, indicating poor phosphate absorption.

Keywords:
Amino acid based formulaChildHypoallergenic feedNeocate(®)PhosphateRickets

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Nutritional Science
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Hypophosphataemic rickets (HR) is typically linked to renal phosphate wasting.
  • It can also arise from reduced phosphate intake or absorption.
  • This study investigates HR cases associated with Neocate, an amino-acid based formula (AAF).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe cases of HR linked to Neocate (AAF) use.
  • To identify clinical and biochemical features of HR in this context.
  • To determine the outcomes of managing HR in infants using Neocate.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of HR cases associated with AAF use in the UK.
  • Analysis of patient demographics, clinical presentation, and biochemical data.
  • Assessment of treatment response to phosphate supplementation and AAF cessation.

Main Results:

  • Ten cases of HR associated with Neocate use were identified.
  • Patients presented between 5 months and 3 years, often premature, with gastroesophageal reflux disease as a common indication for AAF.
  • Biochemical findings included low serum phosphate and high alkaline phosphatase, with normal tubular reabsorption of phosphate (TRP) ≥96%; resolution occurred after Neocate cessation or phosphate supplementation.

Conclusions:

  • Neocate use can be a reversible cause of HR, likely due to impaired phosphate absorption.
  • Close biochemical monitoring is advised for infants on Neocate, particularly those with GI issues.
  • Consideration of feed change or phosphate supplementation is recommended for affected infants.