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Asian age-related macular degeneration: from basic science research perspective
Yasuo Yanagi1,2,3, Valencia Hui Xian Foo4,5, Akitoshi Yoshida6
1Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore. yasuo.yanagi@snec.com.sg.
Eye (London, England)
|October 14, 2018
Summary
Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is a form of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) more common in Asians. This review details PCV
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Retinal Diseases
- Macular Degeneration
Background:
- Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is a subtype of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with higher prevalence in Asian populations.
- PCV shares angiogenic pathways with typical AMD but presents distinct clinical features, including aneurysm-like dilations and less frequent drusen.
- The pathogenesis of neovascular AMD, including PCV, involves inflammation, angiogenesis, and lipid metabolism, with growing evidence for the choroid's pivotal role.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
- To differentiate the distinct clinical characteristics and underlying pathology of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) from typical AMD.
- To highlight the role of the choroid and choriocapillaris in the development of AMD and PCV.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent scientific literature on neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).
- Analysis of pathogenic mechanisms including inflammation, angiogenesis, and lipid metabolism.
- Comparison of clinical characteristics and pathological features between typical AMD and PCV.
Main Results:
- PCV exhibits unique clinical signs such as terminal aneurysmal dilations in choroidal neovascular membranes.
- PCV is associated with less frequent drusen and inner choroidal degeneration, often linked to a thickened choroid.
- Both typical AMD and PCV pathogenesis involve complex interactions at the retinochoroidal interface, influenced by choroidal structure.
Conclusions:
- Understanding the differences between PCV and typical AMD is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.
- Inflammation, angiogenesis, and lipid metabolism are key factors in neovascular AMD, with the choroid playing a significant role.
- Further research into the choroidal contribution to AMD and PCV pathogenesis is warranted.
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