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Related Concept Videos

Adhesion01:14

Adhesion

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Adhesion occurs when one type of molecule is attracted to a different molecule. Water exhibits adhesive properties in the presence of polar surfaces, such as glass or cellulose in plants. For instance, when water is poured into a glass, the positively charged hydrogen molecules of water are more attracted to the negatively charged oxygen molecules in the silica than to the oxygen in neighboring water molecules.
Capillary action is a result of water’s adhesive tendencies. When a narrow...
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Cell Adhesion in Plants01:14

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Plants have rigid cell walls that are made up of cell wall polysaccharides that mediate cell-cell adhesion. The primary cell walls of plants consist of two independent and interacting polysaccharide networks: a pectin matrix that embeds the second network comprising cellulose and hemicelluloses.
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Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

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Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
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Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions01:20

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Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
CAM Families
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Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
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Laminins are the Adhesive Proteins of Basal Lamina00:55

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Laminins are heterotrimeric proteins with high molecular mass found in the extracellular matrix. Each laminin molecule is composed of three chains, viz. alpha, beta, and gamma, coded by five, four, and three paralogous genes, respectively. Laminins are categories based on the compositions of the three chains.
In humans, the five forms of alpha chains are LAMA 1, LAMA 2, LAMA 3, LAMA 4, and LAMA 5. The four forms of beta chains are LAMB 1, LAMB 2, LAMB 3, and LAMB 4. The three forms of gamma...
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Quantitative In vitro Assay to Measure Neutrophil Adhesion to Activated Primary Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells under Static Conditions
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Modeling Cell Adhesion and Extravasation in Microvascular System.

L L Xiao1, W W Yan2, Y Liu3

  • 1College of Automotive Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China.

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|October 14, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) adhere to curved microvessels due to wall shear stress. Red blood cell aggregates enhance CTC adhesion, while cell shape and surface area are key for transmigration.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Computational Biology
  • Cancer Metastasis Research

Background:

  • Understanding circulating tumor cell (CTC) metastasis is crucial, but experimental and theoretical mechanical insights are limited.
  • Blood flow dynamics in microvessels significantly influence CTC transport and extravasation.
  • Precise mechanical mechanisms of CTC adhesion and transmigration require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To numerically model the mechanical mechanisms of CTC extravasation from microvessels.
  • To investigate CTC adhesion at vessel curvatures and the influence of blood's particulate nature.
  • To analyze CTC transmigration through narrow constrictions, considering cell deformability.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical modeling of CTC extravasation, encompassing adhesion and transmigration.
  • Analysis of CTC adhesion at positive curvatures driven by wall shear stress.
  • Investigation of red blood cell (RBC) aggregate effects on CTC adhesion.
  • Simulation of single cell transit through a narrow slit to study transmigration mechanics.

Main Results:

  • CTCs preferentially adhere to positively curved microvessel walls due to positive wall shear stress.
  • The particulate nature of blood significantly impacts CTC adhesion in microvessels.
  • RBC aggregates promote CTC adhesion by exerting additional wall-directed forces.
  • Cell shape and increased surface area are more critical than elasticity for cell transmigration across narrow slits.

Conclusions:

  • Microvessel curvature and blood flow mechanics dictate CTC adhesion.
  • Blood composition, including RBC aggregates, actively influences CTC metastasis.
  • Cell deformability, specifically shape and surface area changes, is paramount for CTC transmigration.
  • Numerical modeling provides valuable mechanical insights into CTC extravasation.