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Detection of Viral RNA by Fluorescence in situ Hybridization FISH

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Retail Baitfish in Michigan Harbor Serious Fish Viral Pathogens.

Traimat Boonthai¹, Thomas P Loch¹, Qingli Zhang¹

¹Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 1129 Farm Lane, Room 177K, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA.

Journal of Aquatic Animal Health

|October 14, 2018

Summary

Live baitfish in Michigan were found to carry viruses, posing a risk to Great Lakes ecosystems. This study highlights the need for fish health certifications in the baitfish industry to prevent pathogen spread.

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Area of Science:

Aquatic Ecology
Fish Pathology
Wildlife Disease Surveillance

Background:

Indigenous small cyprinid fish are vital to Great Lakes ecosystems and the baitfish industry.
Widespread use of baitfish in sport fisheries raises concerns about pathogen introduction and dissemination.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the prevalence of fish viruses in baitfish sold by Michigan retail dealers.
To identify specific viral pathogens and their host species within the baitfish supply.

Main Methods:

Purchased 5,400 baitfish from 78 dealers between September 2015 and June 2016.
Tested 90 lots of fish for six specific viruses: VHSV, SVCV, GSRV, FHMNV, FHMPV, and WSBV.
Utilized epithelioma papulosum cyprini cell line and molecular confirmation for virus detection.

Main Results:

Viruses were detected in 18.0% (18 of 90) of the analyzed fish lots.
Fathead minnow nidovirus (FHMNV) was the most prevalent, found in Fathead Minnow and Emerald Shiners.
Golden shiner reovirus (GSRV) and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) were also detected; SVCV, FHMPV, and WSBV were not found.

Conclusions:

Live baitfish serve as a potential vector for spreading viral fish pathogens.
The findings underscore the critical need for robust fish health certifications within the Great Lakes baitfish industry.
Implementing health certifications can mitigate the risk of disease transmission in aquatic environments.