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Trabecular Bone Structural Variation in the Proximal Sacrum Among Primates.

Gabrielle A Russo1

  • 1Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York.

Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)
|October 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Internal sacral bone structure (trabecular bone) in the first sacral vertebra (S1) varies among primate positional behaviors. This trabecular bone variation helps distinguish different locomotion styles, including bipedalism.

Keywords:
computed tomographypositional behaviorsprimatessacrumtrabecular bonevertebral column

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Area of Science:

  • Primate anatomy
  • Paleoanthropology
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • The sacrum's unique human morphology supports bipedal locomotion.
  • Understanding sacral anatomy in nonhuman primates is crucial for inferring primate locomotion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in the internal morphology (trabecular bone) of the first sacral vertebra (S1) among extant primates.
  • To determine if trabecular bone parameters correlate with distinct positional behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of trabecular bone parameters (bone volume fraction, degree of anisotropy, trabecular number, size-corrected trabecular thickness) in the S1 vertebra.
  • Comparison of these parameters across primate groups with varying positional behaviors.

Main Results:

  • Individual trabecular variables showed some differences among positional behavior groups.
  • Trabecular parameters collectively distinguished obligate bipeds from other groups.
  • Specific parameters differentiated knuckle-walking terrestrial quadrupeds from other arboreal and terrestrial locomotion types.

Conclusions:

  • Internal S1 trabecular bone structure varies significantly with primate positional behavior.
  • These findings provide a functional basis for interpreting extinct primate locomotion using internal sacral morphology.
  • Human S1 trabecular bone exhibits a distinctively low bone volume fraction compared to other primates.