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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Driving Under the Influence: How Music Listening Affects Driving Behaviors

Driving Under the Influence: How Music Listening Affects Driving Behaviors

Published on: March 27, 2019

Mind wandering during everyday driving: An on-road study.

Bridget R D Burdett¹, Samuel G Charlton¹, Nicola J Starkey¹

¹Transport Research Group, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.

Accident; Analysis and Prevention

|October 14, 2018

Summary

Drivers constantly experience mind wandering, but focus more on driving in complex situations. Mind wandering is least likely reported at high-crash locations, suggesting drivers are more attentive where risks are greatest.

Keywords:

Attention Context regulation Everyday driving Mind wandering Thought sampling

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Traffic Safety Research
Human Factors in Driving

Background:

Mind wandering is a common human experience, potentially impacting performance in safety-critical tasks like driving.
Understanding the relationship between cognitive states and driving behavior is crucial for enhancing road safety.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the occurrence of mind wandering during everyday driving.
To examine the association between mind wandering patterns and crash occurrences on urban roads.

Main Methods:

Analysis of a five-year crash database for a 25km urban route in New Zealand.
An on-road study involving 25 drivers, recording their thoughts at 15 predetermined road sections.
Categorization of thoughts as mind wandering or driving focus, and comparison with crash data.

Main Results:

Mind wandering was more frequently reported in simpler, slower, and quieter road sections.
While priority intersections and midblocks had more crashes overall, roundabouts had a higher crash rate per section.
Mind wandering was least likely reported at roundabouts, which had the highest crash rate.

Conclusions:

Drivers naturally increase focus in demanding situations and in response to other road users.
Despite being ubiquitous, mind wandering is least reported in the highest-risk crash locations.
Further research is needed to inform road safety interventions based on these findings.