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Development of a Distance-Based Effect Size Metric for Single-Case Research: Ratio of Distances
Michael T Carlin1, Mack S Costello1
1Rider University.
Behavior Therapy
|October 15, 2018
Summary
A new effect size measure, the Ratio of Distances (RD), has been developed for single-case experimental research. This flexible and transparent measure accurately assesses level change without limitations found in other methods.
Area of Science:
- Behavioral Science
- Psychology
- Research Methodology
Background:
- Single-case experimental research (SCER) requires robust effect size measures.
- Existing measures, such as overlap-based methods, have limitations like ceilings and inflexibility.
- A need exists for a versatile and transparent effect size metric for SCER.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and describe a novel effect size measure, the Ratio of Distances (RD).
- To create a measure adaptable to various SCER designs and data characteristics.
- To ensure the measure is computationally transparent and accessible.
Main Methods:
- Development of the Ratio of Distances (RD) formula.
- Evaluation of RD's adaptability to varying observations per phase.
- Assessment of RD's applicability with and without existing slope.
- Comparison of RD's characteristics against common overlap-based measures.
Main Results:
- The Ratio of Distances (RD) is adaptable to designs with varying observations.
- RD effectively measures level change with or without slope.
- RD overcomes the ceiling effect limitation of overlap-based measures.
- RD is computationally transparent and easily calculated.
Conclusions:
- The Ratio of Distances (RD) offers a practical and versatile effect size measure for SCER.
- RD is suitable for single-case analyses and meta-analyses.
- This measure enhances the interpretability and rigor of SCER findings.
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