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Evaluation of Lipocalin-2 as a Biomarker of Periprosthetic Joint Infection

Andrea Vergara1, Mariana J Fernández-Pittol2, Ernesto Muñoz-Mahamud3

  • 1Department of Clinical Microbiology, Centro de Diagnóstico Biomédico (CDB), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Microbiology, Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.

The Journal of Arthroplasty
|October 15, 2018
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) in synovial fluid effectively diagnoses periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). This biomarker distinguishes between septic and aseptic implant failure with high accuracy, aiding surgical decisions.

Area of Science:

  • Biomarkers
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) presents a significant clinical challenge.
  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic performance of lipocalin-2 (LCN2) in synovial fluid.
  • To differentiate between PJI and aseptic implant failure.

Main Methods:

  • Synovial fluid samples were collected from patients undergoing surgery for PJI, aseptic failure, or controls.
  • Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) levels were quantified using a modified enzyme immunoassay.

Main Results:

  • LCN2 concentrations were significantly higher in the PJI group (1536.5 ng/mL) compared to aseptic (87.0 ng/mL) and control groups (55 ng/mL) (P < .001).
  • LCN2 demonstrated high accuracy in discriminating between infection and aseptic failure (AUC 0.92), with an optimal cut-off of 152 ng/mL.

Conclusions:

  • Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is a promising biomarker for diagnosing PJI.
  • LCN2 can assist surgical teams in identifying septic versus aseptic implant failure, optimizing interventions.
Keywords:
aseptic implant failurebiomarkerlipocalin-2neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalinperiprosthetic joint infection

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