Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

System of Memory01:23

System of Memory

7.4K
Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
7.4K
Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

883
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
883
Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

681
Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
681
Traumatic Memory01:20

Traumatic Memory

583
Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
583
Repressed Memory01:16

Repressed Memory

519
Repressed memories are a psychological phenomenon where memories of traumatic events are unconsciously blocked from a person's awareness. This process occurs as a defense mechanism, protecting the mind from the emotional impact of distressing or painful experiences. For example, a person who has experienced childhood trauma may grow up with no conscious recollection of the event. In such cases, the memories are thought to be buried deep within the subconscious, inaccessible to the conscious...
519
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

16.8K
Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
16.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Neural correlates of learning speed reveal developmental differences in memory.

Developmental cognitive neuroscience·2026
Same author

Disruption of major Ptchd1 isoforms causes autistic traits in social behavior and communication.

Molecular psychiatry·2026
Same author

An X-linked long non-coding RNA, PTCHD1-AS, and the core features of autism.

Nature·2026
Same author

Temporally gated offline engram ensemble reverberation in the lateral amygdala is required for fear memory consolidation.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Children and adults use distinct neurocognitive mechanisms to support successful memory-based inference.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Microglia-dependent regulation of fear memory extinction.

Nature neuroscience·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
09:13

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

Published on: May 16, 2017

12.1K

The ontogeny of memory persistence and specificity.

Adam I Ramsaran1, Margaret L Schlichting2, Paul W Frankland3

  • 1Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G3, Canada.

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience
|October 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Infantile amnesia and generalization are key aspects of memory development. This review explores the brain mechanisms underlying early memory persistence and specificity in humans and animals.

Keywords:
Critical periodHippocampusInfantile amnesiaInfantile generalizationNeurogenesisOntogeny

More Related Videos

A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory
10:03

A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory

Published on: February 28, 2013

26.5K
High-throughput Screening of Chemical Compounds to Elucidate Their Effects on Bacterial Persistence
07:25

High-throughput Screening of Chemical Compounds to Elucidate Their Effects on Bacterial Persistence

Published on: February 23, 2021

4.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 4, 2026

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
09:13

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

Published on: May 16, 2017

12.1K
A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory
10:03

A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory

Published on: February 28, 2013

26.5K
High-throughput Screening of Chemical Compounds to Elucidate Their Effects on Bacterial Persistence
07:25

High-throughput Screening of Chemical Compounds to Elucidate Their Effects on Bacterial Persistence

Published on: February 23, 2021

4.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Comparative Psychology

Background:

  • Infantile amnesia, the inability to recall early childhood memories, has been extensively studied.
  • The neurobiological underpinnings of memory persistence during development remain less understood.
  • Infantile generalization, characterized by reduced memory specificity, has received comparatively less research attention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the ontogeny of memory persistence and specificity across species.
  • To examine behavioral and neurobiological perspectives of these memory phenomena.
  • To explore the role of the hippocampus in early memory development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on memory ontogeny in humans and nonhuman animals.
  • Analysis of behavioral phenotypes related to memory persistence and generalization.
  • Discussion of neurobiological mechanisms, including hippocampal neurogenesis and critical periods.

Main Results:

  • Infantile amnesia is linked to hippocampal neurogenesis and critical period mechanisms.
  • Evidence suggests reduced memory specificity (generalization) in early development.
  • Similar neurobiological processes may underlie both amnesia and generalization.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding memory ontogeny requires examining both persistence (amnesia) and specificity (generalization).
  • Hippocampal mechanisms are crucial for shaping early memory characteristics.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the neurobiology of infantile generalization.