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Decreased cingulo-opercular network functional connectivity mediates the impact of aging on visual processing speed.

Adriana L Ruiz-Rizzo1, Christian Sorg2, Natan Napiórkowski1

  • 1Department of General and Experimental Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilans-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, GSN LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.

Neurobiology of Aging
|October 15, 2018
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Aging reduces visual processing speed due to decreased intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) in the cingulo-opercular network. The left insula

Keywords:
Cingulo-opercular networkFunctional connectivityHealthy agingProcessing speedResting-state fMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Aging
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • Age-related decline in visual processing speed is a common observation.
  • Intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) within brain networks, particularly the cingulo-opercular network, may be affected by aging.
  • Previous research suggests a link between cingulo-opercular network iFC and cognitive functions, including processing speed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural factors underlying age-related reductions in visual processing speed.
  • To test the hypothesis that decreased iFC in the cingulo-opercular network is associated with slower visual processing in aging.
  • To identify specific brain regions within the cingulo-opercular network that mediate the relationship between aging and visual processing speed.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a whole-report task and computational modeling based on "theory of visual attention" to quantify visual processing speed.
  • Analyzed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data to estimate intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) using independent component analysis.
  • Included 91 healthy participants across a wide age range (20-77 years).

Main Results:

  • Identified age-related decreases in iFC within the cingulo-opercular network.
  • A specific cluster in the left insula showed decreased iFC with age and was significantly associated with visual processing speed.
  • The left insula's iFC mediated the effect of aging on visual processing speed, a relationship not found in other networks or attentional parameters.

Conclusions:

  • Intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) within the cingulo-opercular network is a key neural factor in age-related visual processing speed decline.
  • The left insula's iFC serves as a relevant neural marker for changes in visual processing speed during aging.
  • These findings highlight the importance of the cingulo-opercular network in maintaining visual processing efficiency across the lifespan.