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Thymosins in multiple sclerosis and its experimental models: moving from basic to clinical application.

Martina Severa1, Jing Zhang2, Elena Giacomini1

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
|October 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Thymosins, such as thymosin-alpha1 (Tα1) and thymosin-beta4 (Tβ4), show promise for treating multiple sclerosis (MS). These peptides offer anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and remyelinating effects, suggesting potential therapeutic applications for MS.

Keywords:
AbsBregCNSEAEExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisHIVILImmunomodulationMBPMSMultiple SclerosisMultiple sclerosisNeuroprotectionOLsOPCsPLPRARRMSRemyelinationSLETLRThymosin-α1Thymosin-β4TregTα1Tβ4antibodiescentral nervous systemexperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitishuman immunodeficiency virusinterleukinmiRNAmicroRNAmyelin basic proteinoligodendrocyte progenitor cellsoligodendrocytesproteolipid protein peptideregulatory B cellsregulatory T cellsrelapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosisrheumatoid arthritissystemic lupus erythematosusthymosin-α1thymosin-β4toll-like receptor

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects over 2.5 million people globally, with increasing prevalence.
  • Current disease-modifying treatments for MS are limited, and a cure remains elusive.
  • Thymosins, peptides from the thymus, modulate immune responses and are explored for autoimmune diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of thymosin effects on multiple sclerosis.
  • To explore the roles of thymosin-alpha1 (Tα1) and thymosin-beta4 (Tβ4) in MS.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of action for Tα1 and Tβ4 in MS models.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search of PubMed was conducted.
  • Keywords included "thymosin/s" or "thymus factor/s" combined with "multiple sclerosis".
  • No time or language restrictions were applied to the search.

Main Results:

  • Thymosin-alpha1 (Tα1) exhibits potential anti-inflammatory properties relevant to MS.
  • Thymosin-beta4 (Tβ4) demonstrates neuroprotective and remyelinating capabilities.
  • The mechanisms of action for Tα1 and Tβ4 in MS pathogenesis and potential treatment are discussed.

Conclusions:

  • Tα1 and Tβ4 show potential as therapeutic agents for MS, acting as anti-inflammatory and myelin repair inducers.
  • Combined or standalone use of Tα1 and Tβ4 with existing MS therapies may be beneficial.
  • The established safety and efficacy of Tβ4 in clinical practice support its consideration for MS treatment.