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Potential Regulatory Roles of MicroRNAs and Long Noncoding RNAs in Anticancer Therapies

Mengyan Xie1, Ling Ma1, Tongpeng Xu1

  • 1Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

Molecular Therapy. Nucleic Acids
|October 15, 2018
PubMed

Insights

MicroRNAs and long noncoding RNAs are key regulators in cancer. These molecules show potential in anticancer therapies by targeting immune checkpoints and altering drug resistance.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are investigated as cancer biomarkers and regulators of tumorigenesis.
  • Their roles in anticancer therapies are gaining attention.
  • Current cancer therapies include chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted molecular therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the regulatory functions and significance of miRNAs and lncRNAs in anticancer therapies.
  • To focus on their mechanisms, particularly in targeted molecular therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on miRNAs and lncRNAs in cancer therapy.
  • Analysis of mechanisms including immune checkpoint targeting, exosome cooperation, and drug resistance regulation.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs and lncRNAs play diverse roles in chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy.
  • Mechanisms involve direct immune checkpoint modulation, exosome-mediated communication in the tumor microenvironment, and influencing drug resistance via signaling pathways.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs and lncRNAs are significant regulatory molecules in anticancer strategies.
  • Their intricate mechanisms offer potential for developing novel therapeutic approaches, especially in targeted therapy.
Keywords:
chemoresistanceimmune checkpointlong noncoding RNAsmicroRNAstargeted therapy

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