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Updated: Feb 4, 2026

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
07:25

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer

Published on: March 6, 2018

13.9K

[Castration resistance mechanisms in prostate cancer.]

Sara Martínez-Breijo1, Venancio Chantada-Abal1, Marcos Aller-Rodríguez1

  • 1Servicio de Urología. Hospital Universitario A Coruña. A Coruña. España.

Archivos Espanoles De Urologia
|October 16, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Androgen deprivation therapy is standard for advanced prostate cancer, but resistance develops. Understanding castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) mechanisms is key to developing new treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Urology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Androgen signaling is crucial in prostate cancer development.
  • Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a primary treatment for advanced prostate cancer.
  • Resistance to ADT inevitably leads to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted mechanisms driving resistance to ADT in prostate cancer.
  • To highlight the central role of the androgen receptor (AR) in CRPC progression.
  • To discuss both AR-dependent and AR-independent resistance pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of established and emerging resistance mechanisms in CRPC.
  • Analysis of molecular pathways involved in AR reactivation and signaling.
  • Discussion of non-AR-mediated resistance mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • AR reactivation in CRPC involves gene amplification, mutations, active variants, and alternative synthesis/activation.
  • AR-independent mechanisms include glucocorticoid receptor activation, DNA repair defects, immune evasion, and neuroendocrine differentiation.
  • CRPC is a complex, heterogeneous disease driven by multiple resistance pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding CRPC resistance mechanisms is essential for identifying new therapeutic targets.
  • Novel predictive biomarkers for resistance are needed to guide treatment strategies.
  • Improved therapeutics are required for patients with metastatic CRPC (mCRPC).

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