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This summary is machine-generated.

People often accept flawed arguments with metaphors, known as the metaphoric fallacy. This fallacy is harder to spot with plausible conclusions and conventional metaphors, influenced by belief in the conclusion.

Keywords:
analogybelief in the conclusioncreativity in argumentationlexical ambiguity fallacymetaphor

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Linguistics
  • Argumentation Theory

Background:

  • Metaphors are common in everyday language and argumentation.
  • The 'metaphoric fallacy' occurs when metaphorical arguments are accepted as logically sound.
  • Understanding the conditions and reasons for accepting such fallacies is crucial for cognitive and linguistic research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the conditions under which people accept fallacious arguments featuring metaphors.
  • To explore the psychological mechanisms underlying the acceptance of the metaphoric fallacy.
  • To determine the role of metaphor conventionality and conclusion plausibility in fallacy detection.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted using syllogisms presented in natural language.
  • Experiment 1 manipulated the middle term (literal, ambiguous, conventional metaphor, novel metaphor) and conclusion type (true, false, plausible).
  • Experiment 2 examined the influence of belief in the conclusion on fallacy acceptance.

Main Results:

  • The metaphoric fallacy is more difficult to detect with plausible conclusions and conventional metaphors compared to novel metaphors.
  • Belief in the argument's conclusion, independent of its premises, predicts susceptibility to the metaphoric fallacy.
  • Metaphors can influence reasoning by prompting a search for alternative interpretations that support a pre-existing belief in the conclusion.

Conclusions:

  • Metaphorical reasoning can lead to the acceptance of fallacious arguments, particularly when conclusions are plausible and metaphors are conventional.
  • Belief in the conclusion plays a significant role in overriding logical evaluation of the premises.
  • Metaphors may not solely be a source of irrationality but can shape argumentation by encouraging metaphorical interpretations of premises to align with believed conclusions.