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Flavivirus Receptors: Diversity, Identity, and Cell Entry
Mathilde Laureti1,2, Divya Narayanan1,2, Julio Rodriguez-Andres1,2
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Frontiers in Immunology
|October 16, 2018
Summary
Flaviviruses, like dengue and Zika, are RNA viruses causing diverse diseases. This review examines how these arthropod-borne pathogens interact with hosts, enter cells, and target specific tissues.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Infectious Diseases
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Flaviviruses are a genus of arthropod-borne viruses causing significant global health issues.
- They include over seventy RNA viruses responsible for diseases ranging from mild flu-like symptoms to severe encephalitis and hemorrhagic fever.
- Despite genetic similarities, different flaviviruses manifest distinct clinical presentations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on flavivirus pathogenesis.
- To focus on hemorrhagic flaviviruses (dengue virus, yellow fever virus) and neurotropic flaviviruses (Japanese encephalitis virus, Zika virus).
- To explore host-pathogen interactions, virus entry mechanisms, and tropism.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of scientific publications.
- Synthesis of current research on flavivirus biology.
- Comparative analysis of selected flaviviruses.
Main Results:
- Flaviviruses exhibit diverse clinical outcomes despite genomic similarities.
- Host-pathogen interactions, entry strategies, and tropism vary among flavivirus species.
- Dengue, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, and Zika viruses represent key examples of hemorrhagic and neurotropic flaviviruses.
Conclusions:
- Understanding flavivirus diversity in disease presentation is crucial.
- Further research into host-pathogen interactions, entry, and tropism is needed.
- This review provides a foundation for studying flavivirus-related diseases.
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