Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

Genomics

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...

Clinically Relevant Drug Product Specifications: Methods of Establishment

Clinically Relevant Drug Product Specifications: Methods of Establishment

Product specifications define the acceptable quality of a pharmaceutical product by ensuring identity, purity, potency, and strength. These specifications serve as benchmarks during development, manufacturing, and post-approval quality control. Clinically relevant specifications are particularly important because they directly relate to a drug's safety and efficacy in clinical use.Dissolution studies are critical biopharmaceutic tools that link in vitro behavior to in vivo performance. They...

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...

Protein Networks

Protein Networks

An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Variable latency between the founder genetic event and rhabdoid tumor expansion.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Inferring and evaluating network medicine-based disease modules with nextflow.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)·2026

Same author

Transitional initiatives for advancing the phasing out of the use of animals for drug and chemical safety testing: The IHI VICT3R project for reducing the use of animals by implementing virtual control groups.

NAM journal·2026

Same author

Integrating Genetic Variants and Expression Profiles of Pharmacogenes to Investigate Resistance to Antidepressant Treatment.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)·2026

Same author

The effect of childhood trauma on the severity of depressive symptoms and drug resistance in major depressive disorder - results from the international PROMPT study.

Journal of affective disorders·2026

Same author

Generating explainable hypotheses for drug repurposing with graph neural networks.

Scientific reports·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Author Spotlight: Cost-Effective Transcriptomic Drug Screening - Unlocking New Targets

Author Spotlight: Cost-Effective Transcriptomic Drug Screening - Unlocking New Targets

Published on: February 23, 2024

Network, Transcriptomic and Genomic Features Differentiate Genes Relevant for Drug Response.

Janet Piñero¹, Abel Gonzalez-Perez², Emre Guney¹

¹Integrative Biomedical Informatics Group, Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.

Frontiers in Genetics

|October 16, 2018

Summary

Drug targets causing side effects are more central in cell networks and less tolerant to genetic variation than other drug targets. Understanding these protein features aids in designing safer drugs.

Keywords:

adverse drug reaction drug response gene expression genomics network biology pharmacogenomics

More Related Videos

High-Throughput Transcriptome Analysis for Investigating Host-Pathogen Interactions

High-Throughput Transcriptome Analysis for Investigating Host-Pathogen Interactions

Published on: March 5, 2022

CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis

CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis

Published on: April 25, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Author Spotlight: Cost-Effective Transcriptomic Drug Screening - Unlocking New Targets

Author Spotlight: Cost-Effective Transcriptomic Drug Screening - Unlocking New Targets

Published on: February 23, 2024

High-Throughput Transcriptome Analysis for Investigating Host-Pathogen Interactions

High-Throughput Transcriptome Analysis for Investigating Host-Pathogen Interactions

Published on: March 5, 2022

CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis

CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis

Published on: April 25, 2022

Area of Science:

Pharmacogenomics
Systems Biology
Network Pharmacology

Background:

Understanding drug mechanisms is key for rational drug design and managing adverse reactions.
Characterizing drug targets, metabolism proteins, and side effect proteins by expression, genomic tolerance, and network roles is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if proteins involved in drug therapeutic and adverse effects exhibit distinct transcriptomic, genomic, and network features.
To differentiate properties of drug targets mediating side effects versus those not.

Main Methods:

Explored protein properties in global and organ-specific interactomes using multi-scale network metrics.
Evaluated gene expression profiles across various tissues.
Assessed tolerance to loss-of-function variants using data from 60,000 subjects.

Main Results:

Side effect-mediating drug targets are more network-central, less tolerant to loss-of-function variants, and have broader tissue expression.
Drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters are less network-central, more tolerant to variants, and have constrained tissue expression.

Conclusions:

Proteins associated with drug action and toxicity possess distinct network, genomic, and transcriptomic characteristics.
These findings can help prioritize drug candidates with a lower likelihood of causing adverse effects.