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Respirable dust control in grinding gray iron castings
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal
|February 1, 1987
Summary
High-speed grinding of gray iron generates crystalline silica dust. New controls like enhanced ventilation, baffles, and air jets significantly reduce worker exposure to this harmful airborne particulate matter.
Area of Science:
- Occupational Health and Safety
- Industrial Hygiene
- Materials Science
Background:
- High-speed grinding of gray iron castings is linked to significant crystalline silica exposure.
- Conventional ventilation methods are often insufficient to protect workers from airborne dust.
- Dust entrained by grinding wheels and not captured by hoods is a primary exposure concern.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effectiveness of various control measures in reducing airborne crystalline silica dust during high-speed grinding.
- To quantify the reduction in respirable dust concentration achieved by different interventions.
Main Methods:
- A pilot grinding operation was established to simulate industrial conditions.
- Airborne particle size distribution and concentration were measured using an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS).
- Evaluated interventions included increased exhaust ventilation, interior baffles, and an air jet.
Main Results:
- Combined interventions (ventilation, baffles, air jet) reduced breathing zone respirable dust by approximately 20-fold.
- The air jet and baffle used with base ventilation reduced dust concentration by a factor of three to four.
- Baffles alone were effective in halving the respirable dust concentration.
Conclusions:
- Implementing enhanced ventilation, baffles, and air jets are effective strategies for controlling crystalline silica exposure in grinding operations.
- Targeted engineering controls can significantly mitigate worker exposure to hazardous dusts.
- Further research can optimize these controls for maximum protection.