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Related Concept Videos

Arteries of Lower Limbs01:20

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The external iliac artery transitions out of the body cavity, entering the femoral region of the lower leg, and is renamed the femoral artery at the point where it traverses the body wall. This artery is responsible for the distribution of blood to the thigh's deep muscles and the skin's ventral and lateral regions, achieved through several minor branches and the lateral deep femoral artery, which also spawns a lateral circumflex artery. The knee area receives blood from the genicular...
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Veins of Upper Limbs01:17

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The human circulatory system, a marvel of biological engineering, is a complex network of vessels that transport blood throughout the body. Among these, the veins responsible for carrying blood from the upper limbs are divided into two categories: deep and superficial.
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The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Predicting Amputation using Local Circulating Mononuclear Progenitor Cells in Angioplasty-treated Patients with Critical Limb Ischemia
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Risk of contralateral lower limb amputation and death after initial lower limb amputation - a population-based study.

K Huseynova1, R Sutradhar2, G L Booth2,3

  • 1New England Heart and Vascular Institute, Surgical Care Group, Catholic Medical Center, Manchester, NH, USA.

Heliyon
|October 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals who undergo lower limb amputation (LLA) face a high risk of contralateral major LLA and death. Prompt intervention is crucial for limb preservation in these patients.

Keywords:
EpidemiologyHealth sciences

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Lower limb amputation (LLA) is a severe complication of atherosclerosis, infection, and gangrene.
  • The risk of contralateral limb amputation or death after an initial LLA is not well-established.
  • This study compares risks after major versus minor ipsilateral LLA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of contralateral major LLA after ipsilateral major or minor LLA.
  • To compare the risk of death following ipsilateral major versus minor LLA.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada (2002-2012).
  • Utilized linked administrative health databases.
  • Employed Cox regression and cumulative incidence functions, excluding patients who died within 30 days of initial LLA.

Main Results:

  • 5,816 adults had major LLA; 4,143 had minor LLA.
  • Contralateral major LLA incidence was 4.8% after major LLA vs. 2.2% after minor LLA (aHR 2.41).
  • Death incidence was 18.9% after major LLA vs. 11.4% after minor LLA (aHR 1.22).

Conclusions:

  • High incidence of contralateral major LLA and elevated risk of death exist post-ipsilateral LLA.
  • Urgent development of contralateral limb preservation strategies is recommended.
  • Healthcare providers must prioritize preventative measures for at-risk patients.