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Development of Hard and Soft Palate During the Fetal Period and Hard Palate Asymmetry

Ahmet Dursun1, Kenan Öztürk, Soner Albay

  • 1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|October 16, 2018
PubMed

Insights

This study analyzed fetal palate development, measuring hard and soft palate dimensions and asymmetry. Findings reveal subtle sex-based differences and trimester-related changes in specific palate measurements.

Area of Science:

  • Embryology
  • Anatomy
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Palate development is crucial for facial structure and function.
  • Understanding fetal palate morphometrics aids in diagnosing and managing congenital anomalies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a morphometric analysis of the hard and soft palate in fetal cadavers.
  • To evaluate hard palate asymmetry throughout fetal development.

Main Methods:

  • Morphometric measurements of hard and soft palate dimensions and angles were taken from 40 fetal cadavers (17-40 weeks gestation).
  • Measurements included distances between key palatal landmarks (incisive papilla, staurion, posterior nasal spine, greater palatine foramen) and angular values.
  • Asymmetry index was calculated, and data were compared between sexes and gestational trimesters.

Main Results:

  • Male fetuses exhibited higher mean values for most parameters, with a significant difference noted in the staurion-posterior nasal spine (Sr-Pns) distance.
  • A significant difference in angular data was observed for the incisive papilla-staurion-greater palatine foramen (Ip-Sr-Gpf) on the left side between trimesters.
  • The mean ratio of hard to soft palate length was 1.90.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides normative morphometric data for fetal palate development.
  • Findings contribute to understanding normal palate growth and potential deviations relevant to surgical and pathological studies.
  • The data can inform interventions in plastic surgery, maxillofacial surgery, and intrauterine procedures.

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