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Related Concept Videos

Emission Spectra02:39

Emission Spectra

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When solids, liquids, or condensed gases are heated sufficiently, they radiate some of the excess energy as light. Photons produced in this manner have a range of energies, and thereby produce a continuous spectrum in which an unbroken series of wavelengths is present.
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The bulk modulus is a scientific term used to describe a material's resistance to uniform compression. It is the proportionality constant that links a change in pressure to the resulting relative volume change.
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Bulk density refers to the mass of aggregate particles that would fill a unit volume. The concept of bulk density originates from the inability to pack aggregate particles in a manner that completely eliminates void spaces. Hence, the term bulk refers to the volume that encompasses both the aggregates and the voids. This measurement is crucial when aggregates are batched by volume and is used to convert quantities by mass to volume.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
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Stimulated two-photon emission in bulk CdSe.

S Melzer, C Ruppert, A D Bristow

    Optics Letters
    |October 16, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    Stimulated two-photon emission in semiconductors is challenging due to free-carrier absorption masking the gain. Achieving this requires population inversion and specific transition energies near the bandgap.

    Area of Science:

    • Semiconductor physics
    • Quantum optics
    • Materials science

    Background:

    • Two-photon emission is well-established in atomic physics but not observed in semiconductors.
    • Stimulated two-photon emission (STPE) in semiconductors is theoretically proposed but experimentally elusive.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Investigate stimulated two-photon emission (STPE) in photoexcited bulk Cadmium Selenide (CdSe).
    • Identify key requirements for observing STPE in semiconductors.
    • Determine the feasibility of STPE for optical gain in semiconductors.

    Main Methods:

    • Experimental investigation of stimulated two-photon emission in bulk CdSe.
    • Photoexcitation of CdSe samples.
    • Analysis of optical gain under specific conditions.

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    Main Results:

    • STPE requires population inversion and two-photon transition energies near the bandgap energy.
    • Net optical gain was not achieved in any investigated regime.
    • Free-carrier absorption significantly masked the two-photon gain.

    Conclusions:

    • The study identified critical requirements for STPE in semiconductors.
    • Free-carrier absorption presents a fundamental limitation for STPE in photoexcited semiconductors.
    • Results align with previous studies on similar phenomena in Gallium Arsenide (GaAs).