Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Fusion02:45

Nuclear Fusion

33.9K
The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
33.9K
SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

12.7K
Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
SNAREs exist in pairs that symmetrically interact and catalyze the fusion of the lipid bilayers in vesicle and target organelle. v-SNARE in the vesicle membrane are single polypeptide chains that bind to a complementary t-SNARE, composed of 2...
12.7K
Nuclear Power02:36

Nuclear Power

9.5K
Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear fuel consists of a fissile isotope, such as uranium-235, which must be present in sufficient quantity to provide a...
9.5K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

1.3K
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
1.3K
Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane

18.9K
Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
18.9K
Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

31.0K
A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
31.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Electrospun Polybenzimidazole Membranes: Fabrication and Fine-Tuning Through Physical and Statistical Approaches.

Polymers·2025
Same author

Fabrication and Characterization of Anionic Composite Membranes Produced by Electrospinning Method.

Polymers·2025
Same author

Assessment of Nuclear Fusion Reaction Spontaneity via Engineering Thermodynamics.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

Spontaneity of nuclear fusion: a qualitative analysis via classical thermodynamics.

Open research Europe·2023
Same author

Polyketone-Based Anion-Exchange Membranes for Alkaline Water Electrolysis.

Polymers·2023
Same author

Hydrogen and Deuterium Solubility, Diffusivity and Permeability from Sorption Measurements in the Ni<sub>33</sub>Ti<sub>39</sub>Nb<sub>28</sub> Alloy.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Analysis of SNARE-mediated Membrane Fusion Using an Enzymatic Cell Fusion Assay
09:19

Analysis of SNARE-mediated Membrane Fusion Using an Enzymatic Cell Fusion Assay

Published on: October 19, 2012

14.5K

Membrane Processes for the Nuclear Fusion Fuel Cycle.

Silvano Tosti1, Alfonso Pozio2

  • 1Department FSN, ENEA, C.R. Frascati, Via E. Fermi 45, Frascati, 00044 Rome, Italy. silvano.tosti@enea.it.

Membranes
|October 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Membrane processes enhance nuclear fusion fuel cycles by treating exhaust gases and extracting tritium. These advanced methods reduce tritium inventory and processing time, improving system safety and availability.

Keywords:
Pd-membranesfusion fuel cyclehydrogen isotopes

More Related Videos

A High-throughput Cre-Lox Activated Viral Membrane Fusion Assay to Identify Inhibitors of HIV-1 Viral Membrane Fusion
07:22

A High-throughput Cre-Lox Activated Viral Membrane Fusion Assay to Identify Inhibitors of HIV-1 Viral Membrane Fusion

Published on: August 14, 2018

7.0K
A Guide to Concentration Alternating Frequency Response Analysis of Fuel Cells
11:18

A Guide to Concentration Alternating Frequency Response Analysis of Fuel Cells

Published on: December 11, 2019

7.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Analysis of SNARE-mediated Membrane Fusion Using an Enzymatic Cell Fusion Assay
09:19

Analysis of SNARE-mediated Membrane Fusion Using an Enzymatic Cell Fusion Assay

Published on: October 19, 2012

14.5K
A High-throughput Cre-Lox Activated Viral Membrane Fusion Assay to Identify Inhibitors of HIV-1 Viral Membrane Fusion
07:22

A High-throughput Cre-Lox Activated Viral Membrane Fusion Assay to Identify Inhibitors of HIV-1 Viral Membrane Fusion

Published on: August 14, 2018

7.0K
A Guide to Concentration Alternating Frequency Response Analysis of Fuel Cells
11:18

A Guide to Concentration Alternating Frequency Response Analysis of Fuel Cells

Published on: December 11, 2019

7.2K

Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • The nuclear fusion fuel cycle involves managing plasma exhaust gases and extracting tritium from breeding blankets.
  • Traditional methods for tritium handling can be time-consuming and pose safety challenges.
  • Developing efficient and safe tritium extraction processes is crucial for fusion energy development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review membrane processes for nuclear fusion fuel cycle applications.
  • To highlight the advantages of membrane reactors in reducing tritium inventory and processing time.
  • To introduce an innovative membrane system for hydrogen isotope extraction from liquid metal blankets.

Main Methods:

  • Review of membrane reactors for plasma exhaust gas treatment.
  • Application of self-supported Pd-alloy membrane tubes for hydrogen isotope separation.
  • Description of a novel Membrane Gas-Liquid Contactor for tritium extraction from liquid LiPb blankets.
  • Analysis of gas-liquid interface formation within porous membranes for mass transfer.

Main Results:

  • Membrane reactors offer improved safety and availability in fusion fuel cycles.
  • Pd-alloy membranes effectively separate hydrogen isotopes from gaseous and liquid streams.
  • The Membrane Gas-Liquid Contactor significantly reduces mass-transfer resistance in tritium recovery from LiPb.
  • The proposed system enhances tritium recovery efficiency compared to conventional methods.

Conclusions:

  • Membrane technology presents a safer and more efficient approach to nuclear fusion fuel cycle management.
  • Innovative membrane systems, like the Gas-Liquid Contactor, are key to advancing tritium extraction technologies.
  • Further development of membrane processes will be critical for the commercialization of fusion energy.