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Related Concept Videos

Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
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Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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A Rapid Screening Workflow to Identify Potential Combination Therapy for GBM using Patient-Derived Glioma Stem Cells
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Circulating Glioma Cells Exhibit Stem Cell-like Properties.

Tianrun Liu1,2, Haineng Xu1, Menggui Huang1

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

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Glioblastoma circulating tumor cells (CTCs) exhibit cancer stem cell traits and self-seed to cause recurrence. Targeting Wnt signaling may eliminate these treatment-resistant cells.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Neuro-oncology

Background:

  • Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are found in glioblastoma (GBM) patients' blood.
  • The role of CTCs in GBM tumorigenesis and recurrence is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phenotype and function of GBM-derived CTCs.
  • To determine if GBM-derived CTCs contribute to tumor recurrence.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for GBM.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of GBM patient-derived samples and a transgenic mouse model.
  • Genetic probes, stemness gene expression analysis (SOX2, OCT4, NANOG).
  • Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to analyze Wnt pathway activation.

Main Results:

  • GBM-derived CTCs possess a cancer stem cell (CSC)-like phenotype, expressing stemness genes.
  • CTCs demonstrated self-seeding, returning to the primary tumor and generating new tumors.
  • CTCs were resistant to radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and apoptosis.
  • Wnt activation in CTCs induced stemness and chemoresistance.

Conclusions:

  • GBM-derived CTCs are CSC-like cells that contribute to tumor recurrence via self-seeding.
  • Targeting Wnt signaling presents a potential therapeutic strategy against treatment-refractory GBM CTCs.
  • Eradicating systemic CTCs is a promising therapeutic avenue for GBM management.