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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

82.7K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Eukaryotic Transcription Activators02:42

Eukaryotic Transcription Activators

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Transcription activators are proteins that promote the transcription of genes from DNA to RNA. In most cases, these proteins contain two separate domains ‒ a domain that binds to DNA and a domain for activating transcription; however, in some cases, a single domain is responsible for both binding and activation of transcription, as seen in the glucocorticoid receptor and MyoD.
The binding domains are capable of recognizing and interacting with regulatory sequences on the DNA. These...
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Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

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Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA...
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Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

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General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors01:58

Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors

25.5K
The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
Transcription of prokaryotic...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Real-time Analysis of Transcription Factor Binding, Transcription, Translation, and Turnover to Display Global Events During Cellular Activation
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Real-time Analysis of Transcription Factor Binding, Transcription, Translation, and Turnover to Display Global Events During Cellular Activation

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Transcription factor dimerization activates the p300 acetyltransferase.

Esther Ortega1, Srinivasan Rengachari1,2, Ziad Ibrahim1,3

  • 1European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble, France.

Nature
|October 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Transcription factor dimerization activates the p300 co-activator through trans-autoacetylation. This process, involving a key lysine-rich loop, regulates gene expression and chromatin acetylation.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Protein Biochemistry

Background:

  • p300 is a transcriptional co-activator and histone acetyltransferase (HAT) crucial for gene expression.
  • p300 functions by acetylating chromatin, primarily at transcriptional enhancers.
  • The precise mechanisms controlling p300 activation by signaling pathways remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanism by which transcription factor ligands activate p300.
  • To investigate the role of transcription factor dimerization in p300 activation.
  • To characterize the structural basis of p300 activation by its ligands.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized model transcription factors IRF3 and STAT1.
  • Performed biochemical assays to study p300 activation and acetylation.
  • Determined the crystal structure of p300, including intermediates of the activation reaction.

Main Results:

  • Transcription factor dimerization is essential for p300 activation.
  • Dimerization triggers trans-autoacetylation of p300 within its autoinhibitory loop.
  • Crystal structure reveals an intermediate state of trans-autoacetylation and highlights the role of the RING domain.

Conclusions:

  • p300 activation is directly controlled by the activation and oligomerization of its transcription factor ligands.
  • The findings explain the link between cellular signaling, transcription factor activity, and chromatin acetylation.
  • This mechanism provides insight into how gene transcription is regulated at the epigenetic level.