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Arbovirus Infections As Screening Tools for the Identification of Viral Immunomodulators and Host Antiviral Factors
Published on: September 13, 2018
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Measles during arbovirus outbreak: a diagnostic challenge
Ann-Claire Gourinat1, Cécile Cazorla2, Anne Pfannstiel3
1Centre Hospitalier Territorial de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Microbiology Laboratory, Nouméa, New Caledonia.
JMM Case Reports
|October 17, 2018
Summary
Measles can be misdiagnosed during arbovirus outbreaks in non-endemic regions. Early detection is crucial, as imported measles cases pose a threat to countries with high vaccination rates.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- New Caledonia, a non-endemic measles territory, experienced a significant arbovirus outbreak in 2017, with co-circulating dengue and Zika viruses.
- The region faces ongoing public health challenges from arboviruses, necessitating robust surveillance systems.
Observation:
- A 41-year-old male presented with symptoms initially suggestive of arbovirus infection, including fever, rash, and headache.
- Initial diagnostic tests for dengue and Zika virus were negative; however, measles was suspected due to persistent symptoms and equivocal ELISA results.
- The patient recovered, and subsequent nucleic acid testing confirmed the presence of measles RNA.
Findings:
- Measles diagnosis can be challenging during arbovirus outbreaks, particularly in regions with low endemicity.
- The case highlights the potential for misdiagnosis when clinical presentations overlap between different infectious diseases.
- Confirmation of measles required specialized nucleic acid testing after initial serological tests were inconclusive.
Implications:
- Healthcare professionals must maintain a high index of suspicion for measles, even in non-endemic areas during arbovirus outbreaks.
- Imported measles cases, often linked to international travel, pose a significant risk to populations with high vaccine coverage.
- Strengthening diagnostic capabilities and surveillance is essential to prevent measles resurgence in measles-free territories.
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