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Related Concept Videos

Observational Studies01:11

Observational Studies

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Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
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Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
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Naturalistic Observations02:30

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If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
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Operational Amplifiers01:17

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The operational amplifier, often referred to as an op-amp, is a multifaceted building block of a circuit. This electronic component functions like a voltage-controlled voltage source and can also be used to create a voltage- or current-controlled current source. The design of an operational amplifier enables it to execute mathematical operations when external components like resistors and capacitors are linked to its terminals. An op-amp has the capacity to sum signals, amplify a signal,...
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Real Number Operations01:27

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The concept of real numbers includes all the values that can be represented on a continuous number line. The system began with basic counting values used for enumeration. It later expanded to include values that represent the absence of quantity and opposites of the counting values. When situations required expressing parts of a whole or dividing quantities evenly, values capable of representing such proportions were developed. When written using decimal notation, these values can end or repeat...
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Updated: Feb 3, 2026

A Multicenter MRI Protocol for the Evaluation and Quantification of Deep Vein Thrombosis
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Cirrhosis, Operative Trauma, Transfusion, and Mortality: A Multicenter Retrospective Observational Study.

Claire Isbell1, Stephen M Cohn2, Kenji Inaba3

  • 1Surgery, Temple, Texas, USA.

Cureus
|October 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Trauma patients with cirrhosis undergoing laparotomy face high mortality. Key predictors of death include receiving six or more packed red blood cells (PRBCs), profound acidemia (pH ≤ 7.25), or coagulopathy (INR > 1.2, PTT > 40).

Keywords:
acidemiablood transfusioncirrhosiscoagulopathyexploratory laparotomy.

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Area of Science:

  • Trauma Surgery
  • Hepatology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Limited data exists on predicting outcomes for trauma patients with cirrhosis requiring laparotomy.
  • Identifying clinical prognosticators of mortality in this specific patient group is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prognostic factors associated with mortality in trauma patients with cirrhosis who undergo laparotomy.

Main Methods:

  • A 10-year retrospective review was conducted at four Level I trauma centers.
  • Data on vital signs, laboratory values, and transfusion requirements were compared between survivors and non-survivors.
  • Linear regression analysis identified variables associated with death.

Main Results:

  • Of 66 patients, 47% died. Higher packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion requirements (> 6 units within 6 hours) significantly increased mortality risk (OR 5.8).
  • Profound acidemia (low pH), coagulopathy (high INR and PTT), lower preoperative platelets, and increased intraoperative fluid/blood product administration were associated with increased mortality.
  • All patients receiving ≥ 17 units of PRBCs died.

Conclusions:

  • Cirrhotic trauma patients requiring laparotomy with significant PRBC transfusion needs (≥ 6 units), profound acidemia (pH ≤ 7.25), or coagulopathy (INR > 1.2, PTT > 40) at admission have a high risk of mortality.