Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Isolation of Primary Mouse Retinal Pigmented Epithelium Cells
Published on: November 4, 2022
Noninvasive Two-Photon Microscopy Imaging of Mouse Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Grazyna Palczewska1, Timothy S Kern2, Krzysztof Palczewski3
1Polgenix Inc., Cleveland, OH, USA.
Abstract:
Two-photon excitation microscopy is perfectly suited for imaging deep into the retina due to its use of infrared (IR) wavelengths to excite endogenous fluorophores such as vitamin A-derived retinoids present in this tissue. Furthermore, two-photon excitation occurs only around a small focal volume, and scattered IR photons cannot excite retinal chromophores. These characteristics contribute to subcellular resolution and low noise of images obtained from deep within retinal layers. Here we describe how to customize a two-photon microscope for noninvasive imaging of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the mouse eye, along with detailed instructions for mouse handling and retinal imaging, and we provide examples of mouse retinal two-photon microscopy data.
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