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Related Concept Videos

Correlations02:20

Correlations

35.9K
Correlation means that there is a relationship between two or more variables (such as ice cream consumption and crime), but this relationship does not necessarily imply cause and effect. When two variables are correlated, it simply means that as one variable changes, so does the other. We can measure correlation by calculating a statistic known as a correlation coefficient. A correlation coefficient is a number from -1 to +1 that indicates the strength and direction of the relationship between...
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Correlation and Causation01:27

Correlation and Causation

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Statistical tests can calculate whether there is a relationship, or correlation, between independent and dependent variables. An indirect relationship of the variables signifies a correlation, while a direct relationship shows causation. If it is determined that no connection exists between the variables, then the correlation is a coincidence.
Correlation versus Causation
If the dependent variable increases or decreases when the independent variable increases, there is a positive or negative...
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Correlation01:09

Correlation

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In statistics, two variables are said to be correlated if the values of one variable are associated with the other variable. Depending on the relationship between two variables, correlation can be of three types– positive correlation, negative correlation, and zero correlation.
Two variables, for example, a and b, are said to be positively correlated if both variables move in the same direction. In other words, a positive correlation exists between two variables, a and b, if:
15.1K
2D NMR: Homonuclear Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY)01:06

2D NMR: Homonuclear Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY)

2.0K
Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy, or COSY, is a 2-dimensional NMR technique that provides information about coupled protons. Typically, the geminal and vicinal coupling are observed. For example, consider the COSY spectrum of ethyl acetate, where its 1D proton NMR spectrum is plotted along the vertical and horizontal axes with their corresponding chemical shift scale. Three spots on the diagonal corresponding to the three peaks in the 1D proton spectrum are called diagonal peaks. The COSY...
2.0K
Correlation and Regression00:53

Correlation and Regression

3.4K
In statistics, correlation describes the degree of association between two variables. In the subfield of linear regression, correlation is mathematically expressed by the correlation coefficient, which describes the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables. The coefficient is symbolically represented by 'r' and ranges from -1 to +1. A positive value indicates a positive correlation where the two variables move in the same direction. A negative value suggests a...
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Coefficient of Correlation01:12

Coefficient of Correlation

8.7K
The correlation coefficient, r, developed by Karl Pearson in the early 1900s, is numerical and provides a measure of strength and direction of the linear association between the independent variable x and the dependent variable y.
If you suspect a linear relationship between x and y, then r can measure how strong the linear relationship is.
What the VALUE of r tells us:
The value of r is always between –1 and +1: –1 ≤ r ≤ 1.
The size of the correlation r indicates the...
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Related Experiment Video

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Detection of Protein Aggregation using Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy
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Fluorescence Correlation and Cross-Correlation Spectroscopy in Zebrafish.

Xue Wen Ng1, Karuna Sampath2, Thorsten Wohland3,4

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|October 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study details using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS) in live zebrafish embryos. These techniques offer molecular insights into biological events, bridging molecular and developmental biology.

Keywords:
Biomolecular interactionsDissociation constant and affinityFCCSFCSSingle molecule

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Increasing interest in biophysical studies on live organisms for molecular-level insights.
  • Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a suitable vertebrate model due to genetic similarity to humans, transparency, and genetic manipulability.
  • Need for fluorescence techniques to study biomolecular dynamics and interactions in live zebrafish embryos.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a detailed protocol for applying confocal fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS) in live zebrafish embryos.
  • To enable the study of molecular dynamics and interactions at a physiologically relevant level.
  • To bridge the gap between molecular events and developmental processes using advanced fluorescence spectroscopy.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed step-by-step protocol for confocal FCS and FCCS, including single-wavelength FCCS (SW-FCCS).
  • Covers sample preparation, instrumentation setup, and calibration procedures for FCS/FCCS measurements.
  • Includes guidelines for data acquisition and analysis on the FCS/FCCS instrument.

Main Results:

  • Established a comprehensive methodology for applying FCS and FCCS in live zebrafish embryos.
  • Demonstrated the feasibility of probing molecular dynamics and interactions in vivo.
  • Provided a practical guide for researchers interested in utilizing these advanced fluorescence techniques.

Conclusions:

  • Confocal FCS and FCCS are powerful tools for investigating molecular dynamics and interactions in live zebrafish embryos.
  • The detailed protocol facilitates the application of these techniques, advancing biophysical studies in developmental biology.
  • This work supports bridging molecular and developmental events through advanced live-imaging spectroscopy.