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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints01:03

Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints

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Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no movement between the articulating bones. There are three types of fibrous joints.
Suture
All the bones of the skull, except for the mandible, are joined to each other by a fibrous joint called a suture. The fibrous connective tissue found at a suture strongly unites the adjacent skull bones and thus helps to protect the brain and form the face. In...
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Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

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As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...
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Joints01:26

Joints

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Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
The bones of a...
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Method of Joints01:30

Method of Joints

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The method of joints is a commonly used technique to analyze the forces in structural trusses. The method is based on the principle of equilibrium, which assumes that the truss members are connected by frictionless pins. The forces at each joint can be determined by considering the equilibrium of the forces acting on that joint.
Since plane truss members are in the same plane, each joint is subjected to a coplanar and concurrent force system. To apply the method of joints, the first step is to...
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Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint
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Sonoelastography of the knee joint.

Mustafa Akkaya1, Nurdan Cay2, Safa Gursoy1

  • 1Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit Univeristy, Ankara, 06100, Turkey.

Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.)
|October 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Real-time elastosonography (RTE) combined with ultrasound (USG) shows promise for diagnosing knee cartilage defects. This arthroscopic method effectively differentiated between healthy and pathological cartilage strain in a cadaveric study.

Keywords:
arthroscopycartilageelasticity imaging techniquesknee joint

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Medical Imaging
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the standard for knee cartilage and subchondral bone lesion assessment.
  • Real-time elastosonography (RTE) is an emerging imaging technique with growing applications.
  • Current diagnostic methods for knee cartilage injuries can be limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a novel diagnostic approach combining ultrasound (USG) and RTE for intra-articular knee examinations.
  • To assess the efficacy of USG-RTE in conjunction with arthroscopy for cartilage defect evaluation.
  • To compare strain measurements in healthy versus pathological cartilage using RTE.

Main Methods:

  • A cadaveric study involving 12 fresh human knees.
  • Utilized laparoscopic ultrasound transducer via standard arthroscopic portals.
  • Created iatrogenic defects and measured cartilage strain using RTE in healthy and pathological areas.

Main Results:

  • The median strain value in pathological femoral cartilage was significantly higher than in normal cartilage (1.23 vs. 0.01, P = 0.002).
  • RTE successfully quantified differences in cartilage stiffness.
  • The combined USG-RTE method demonstrated feasibility for intra-articular assessment.

Conclusions:

  • Arthroscopic RTE is a viable tool for guiding orthopedic surgeons in cartilage assessment.
  • Intra-articular probes for USG-RTE could be widely adopted for knee diagnostics.
  • This technique offers a potential advancement in evaluating knee cartilage pathologies.